浙江省手工业社会主义改造研究（1953-1956）

发布时间：2017-12-27 17:20

  本文关键词：浙江省手工业社会主义改造研究（1953-1956）　出处：《浙江大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 手工业 社会主义改造 合作社 集体化 浙江省

【摘要】：中华人民共和国成立以后,经过三年国民经济的恢复和发展,国家开始大规模的工业化建设和所有制改造。作为与农业、资本主义工商业并列为"三大改造"之一的手工业,不仅与城乡居民的生产、生活保持着密切联系,而且还对工农业的发展有着重要影响。本文以浙江省档案馆馆藏档案和地方文献为主要资料,对浙江省1953—1956年期间手工业社会主义改造的背景、过程及结果进行深入分析、研究。1953年,在借鉴苏联经济发展模式的基础上,中国制定并开始实施国民经济第一个五年计划。但由于我国当时现代工业品不足,机械生产方式落后,在满足城乡人民日常生产、生活资料方面,很大一部分尚需要通过手工业生产来完成;特别是在农业生产方面,大量的农具制造和维修工作,仍然需要依赖手工业。与之同时,在工业化建设过程中,手工业通过吸收、消化城市和农村中的剩余劳动力,不仅有助于杜会的稳定,而且还为国家培养了技术工人,是国营工业后备技术力量的重要源泉之一。与全国其他地区手工业社会主义改造相比,浙江省作为传统手工业最为发达的地区之一,具有一定的典型性和特殊性。浙江省在手工业改造过程中,一方面积极贯彻和执行中共中央的手工业改造政策,另一方面又根据自身的实际情况,推进和完成手工业的改造任务。为了实现其明确的社会主义方向和目标,浙江省积极依靠劳动者协会、手工业行政管理机构,组织和引导个体手工业者逐步走向集体化生产道路。通过社会主义教育和阶级划分,提高个体手工业者思想觉悟和加强对基层政权控制的同时,还建立起新的经营管理制度,以适应生产组织所带来的变化。在手工业基础设施落后、资金短缺等客观因素制约下,将个体手工业者组织起来,对其进行劳动上的分工协作,是当时提高生产效率一种相对较好的选择。虽然手工业机械化、半机械化程度不断地提高,为手工业合作社过渡到集体企业和国营工业创造了有利条件。但是,在国家工业化的大背景下,优先发展现代工业的政策,还是阻碍了手工业渐进式的发展。尤其是技术水平低下和物资资源短缺,给手工业生产带来了严重影响。另外,手工业者经济收入减少、合作社经营管理水平落后等方面的问题,致使其在改造高潮后陷入长期的停滞徘徊状态。有些地区对手工业的性质、特点认识不足,还影响了技艺的传承和延续。手工业社会主义改造能在短期内顺利完成,充分体现出国家强大的组织动员能力,但是在改造过程中以及合作化高潮后所暴露出来的问题,又显示出其要求过急和处理方式简单化的缺憾。
[Abstract]:After the founding of People's Republic of China, after three years of the recovery and development of the national economy, the country started a large-scale industrial construction and ownership reform. As a part of the "three transformations", agriculture and capitalist industry and commerce are not only closely related to the production and life of urban and rural residents, but also have an important impact on the development of industry and agriculture. Based on the archives and local documents of Zhejiang archives, the background, process and results of the socialist transformation of handicraft industry in Zhejiang from 1953 to 1956 were analyzed and studied in depth. In 1953, on the basis of the model of the economic development of the Soviet Union, China made and began to implement the first five year plan of the national economy. But because China was lack of modern industrial machinery, backward production mode in urban and rural people's daily production and living materials meet, a large part is accomplished by hand industrial production; especially in agricultural production, a large number of tools manufacturing and maintenance work, still need to rely on the handicraft industry. At the same time, in the process of industrialization, the handicraft industry not only contributes to the stability of Duhui, but also trains skilled workers for the country by absorbing and digesting the surplus labor force in the urban and rural areas, which is one of the important sources of the reserve technology power of the state industry. Compared with other socialist transformation in handicraft industry in China, Zhejiang province is one of the most developed areas in traditional handicraft industry, and has certain typicality and particularity. In the process of transformation of handicraft industry in Zhejiang Province, on the one hand, it actively implements and implements the policy of handicraft transformation in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. On the other hand, it also promotes and completes the transformation task of handicraft industry according to its own actual conditions. In order to achieve its clear socialist orientation and goals, Zhejiang actively relies on laborers' associations and handicraft administration agencies, organizing and guiding individual handicraftsmen to gradually move towards collectivization production. Through the socialist education and class division, we can enhance the ideological consciousness of individual handicraftsmen and strengthen the control of grass-roots political power. At the same time, we also set up a new management system to adapt to the changes brought by production organizations. Constrained by objective factors such as backwardness in handicraft industry and shortage of funds, it is a relatively good choice to organize individual workers and work division and cooperation on labor at that time. Although the degree of mechanization and semi mechanization of the handicraft industry has been continuously improved, it has created favorable conditions for the transition of handicraft cooperatives to collective enterprises and state industry. However, under the background of national industrialization, the policy of developing modern industry in priority is still hindering the gradual development of the handicraft industry. In particular, the low level of technology and the shortage of material resources have brought serious impact on the production of handicraft industry. In addition, the problems such as the decrease of handicraftsmen's economic income and the backwardness of the management level of cooperatives cause them to fall into a long-term stagnation after the transformation of the climax. In some areas, the nature and characteristics of the industry are insufficient, and it also affects the inheritance and continuation of the skills. The successful completion of the socialist transformation of handicraft industry in the short term, fully embodies the national mobilization capability strong organization, but exposed in the process of transformation and co-operation after the climax, and shows its requirements and treatment too simplistic defects.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F429;K27
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本文编号：1342493