新民主主义革命时期中国非资本主义前途选择研究

发布时间：2017-12-28 19:12

本文关键词：新民主主义革命时期中国非资本主义前途选择研究　出处：《中南民族大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：新民主主义革命时期中国逐步确定起了以非资本主义的形式完成国家前途转变的选择。在中西文明相碰撞的过程中,先进的中国人清醒地看到了西方的优越性,先后提出几种方案向西方学习,希望将西方文明的辉煌复制在中国,无奈却屡次遭遇失败。面对着旧中国半殖民地半封建的国情,共产党领导新民主主义革命奠定了中国革命非资本主义前途的发展趋势。毛泽东与他的那一代领导集体共同创立了一种具有过渡性质的社会形态---新民主主义社会,作为他们对实现社会主义途径的思考。不忘却历史,才能更好展望未来。回顾新民主主义革命时期的非资本主义前途选择历程,与当下的“三个自信”、坚定不移走中国道路相呼应,具有深刻的时代内涵。向西方学习富国强民之路却多次遭到西方侵略势力重创的中国人民转而寻求新的出路,马克思主义在中国的广泛传播为中国人民探索救亡图存道路、选择适合本国的革命方案提供了科学的理论指导,中共早期领导人以马列主义为思想武器,并结合中国实际情况,在此基础上正确地分析了中国社会性质,革命性质、动力、对象等,确定要加强并巩固无产阶级领导权,在革命的过程中逐步建立起新民主主义过渡政权,并根据形势不断提出新的口号、制定新的政策,完善了这一过渡政权,为将来社会主义政权的建立作好充分准备条件。本文第一部分论述非资本主义前途的理论渊源。马克思恩格斯关于落后国家非资本主义发展道路的构想,列宁的民族与殖民地理论和新经济政策思想,以及斯大林和共产国际关于中国革命的非资本主义论,是新民主主义革命时期中国在国家前途演变历程中自觉地选择非资本主义前途的理论渊源。第二部分论述20世纪20-30年代一些公共知识分子对非资本主义前途的认识与分歧。同为发展资本主义民主政治,梁启超是立宪派,带有地主绅士风格;胡适对资本主义民主更是情有独钟。其他关心国家前途的工商界、教育界公知,则基本认定国家现代化建设应采取社会主义的方式。第三部分论述新民主主义革命时期中共早期领导人对非资本主义前途的探索。一战与俄国十月革命使不少原先向往西方文明的先进中国人认清了落后的中国不能依靠帝国主义国家的现实,并转而受到了俄国模式的启迪。李大钊、蔡和森、陈独秀等是最早在中国传播马克思主义的中共早期领导人,李大钊和蔡和森为宣传马克思主义学说作出了卓越贡献;陈独秀曾经提及过有关中国革命非资本主义前途及其与社会主义关系的观点,后继者从中受到不少启发。从“戴季陶主义”视角分析第一次国共合作失败,不仅便于人们理解国共斗争史,也解释了资本主义道路在中国行不通的又一大缘由。第四部分论述新民主主义革命时期毛泽东对非资本主义前途的论述及其现代价值启示。毛泽东科学地分析了半殖民地半封建中国的基本国情,他深入社会调查乡情提出适应革命形势发展的方针和政策,并在此基础上逐步建立起新民主主义过渡政权;在创立新民主主义过渡政权时毛泽东十分注意经济问题,他不仅坚决主张实行土地革命解放农民,也把发展部分资本主义经济提升到战略高度,满足新民主主义政权建设的需要;毛泽东始终强调加强巩固无产阶级领导权,将革命前途引向社会主义时,他提出需具备工业化基础等必要的物质条件,因而革命胜利后不能立即走上社会主义发展道路。
[Abstract]:In the period of the new democratic revolution, China has gradually established the choice to complete the transition of the country's future in the form of non capitalism. In the process of collision between Chinese and Western civilizations, the advanced Chinese people clearly saw the superiority of the west, and put forward several plans to learn from the west, hoping to copy the splendor of Western civilization in China, but failed repeatedly. Facing the semi colonial and semi feudal national conditions of the old China, the Communist Party's leadership of the new democratic revolution laid the trend of the development of the Chinese revolution and the future of non capitalism. Mao Zedong and his generation of leaders set up a transitional social form -- the new democratic society as their way to achieve socialism. Without forgetting history, we can look forward to the future. Looking back on the course of the non capitalist future selection in the new democratic revolution period, it is echoed with the current "three confidence" and the unwavering road of China. To learn from the west road it has repeatedly hit by western aggression China people to seek a new way, the Marx doctrine is widely spread in the China for China people to explore the salvation Road, choose suitable for their own revolutionary project provides a scientific theoretical guidance, early leaders of the Chinese Communist Party to Marxism Leninism as the ideological weapon, and combined with the actual Chinese on this basis, it analyzes the nature of social China, revolutionary nature, power, and other objects, determined to strengthen and consolidate the leadership of the proletariat, and gradually establish a new democratic transition regime in the revolutionary process, and according to the situation put forward the new slogan, to develop new policies, improve the transition regime for the establishment of the socialist regime fully prepared conditions. The first part of this paper discusses the theoretical origin of the future of non capitalism. The idea about backward country non capitalist development path of Marx Engels, national and colonial theory of Lenin and the new economic policy, and Stalin and the Communist International on Chinese revolution non capitalist theory, is the period of the new democratic revolution in the country. China evolution theory of non capitalist future consciously choose in the course of. The second part deals with the understanding and differences of some public intellectuals in the twentieth Century of the 20-30 years on the future of non capitalism. With the development of capitalist democracy, Liang Qichao is a constitutionalism, with the style of the landlord and gentleman; Hu Shi is more concerned with the capitalist democracy. Other business circles and educational circles, who are concerned with the future of the country, basically recognize that the construction of the country's modernization should take a socialist way. The third part discusses the exploration of the early leaders of the Communist Party of China on the future of non capitalism in the period of the new democratic revolution. The first World War and the Russian Revolution in October made many advanced Chinese people who yearned for the Western civilization recognize that the backward China could not rely on the realities of imperialist countries, and were inspired by the Russian mode. Li Dazhao, Cai Hesen, Chen Duxiu is the earliest in the Chinese spread Marx's early leaders of the Chinese Communist Party, Li Dazhao and Cai Hesen made outstanding contribution for the promotion of the Marx doctrine; Chen Duxiu once mentioned that the China revolution and the social doctrine of non capitalist future relations point of view, from which many were inspired by the successor. Analysis of the first KMT-CPC cooperation failure from the "Dai jitaoism" perspective, not only for people to understand the history of the struggle, also explains the capitalist road in another big reason Chinese unworkable. The fourth part discusses Mao Zedong's discussion on the future of non capitalism and the Enlightenment of its modern value in the period of the new democratic revolution. Mao Zedong scientific analysis of semi colonial and semi feudal China basic situation, his in-depth social investigation nostalgia is proposed to adapt to the development of the revolutionary situation and policies, and on this basis, and gradually establish a new democratic transition regime; in the creation of the new democratic transition regime Mao Zedong pays much attention to economic problems, he not only insisted that the Agrarian Revolution liberated peasants also, to enhance the development of capitalist economy to a strategic height, to meet the needs of the new democratic regime construction; Mao Zedong has always stressed that strengthening the leadership of the proletariat, the future of socialist revolution, he put forward the necessary foundation of industrialization and other necessary material conditions, and not immediately after the victory of the revolution on the development path of socialism.
【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K26

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