锡良督东时期东北铁路规划始末

发布时间：2018-01-08 09:37

本文关键词：锡良督东时期东北铁路规划始末　出处：《近代史研究》2016年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：宣统元年(1909)四月一日,锡良接篆东三省总督。与首任东督徐世昌借款筑路的思路不同,锡良督东之初力主自修铁路,但遭到中央部臣议驳。之后锡良着力筹谋息借美款修筑锦州至瑷珲的铁路计划,欲图借此一方面与日本、俄国控制的铁路争利,一方面将欧美势力引入东北,实现均势外交下列强间的相互牵制,从而巩固东北边疆主权和边防安全。然而,锦瑷铁路借款计划在实施过程中遭遇内外两方面的阻滞:就外力而言,日本、俄国为避免与美国、英国形成直接对抗以及出于保全自身利益的考量,未直接反对锦瑷路事,而是联起手来对清廷极尽恫吓讹诈之能事,声言此路必须经其同意方能实施且要求提供资金、工师;同时加紧对东三省的侵略步伐,俄国提出修建张家口经库伦至恰克图的铁路以替换锦瑷铁路。就清政府内部而论,邮传部、外务部、度支部之间以及三部和东北地方政府之间,由于角色地位的不同,对锦瑷路事的认知存在诸多差异,集中体现为东三省督抚极力主张借款筑路而各部态度则飘忽不定。锦瑷铁路借款计划最终失败,东北铁路建设面临着中外博弈和央地歧异的双重困境。
[Abstract]:In April 1st, the governor of the three eastern provinces of Xi Liang followed seal character. Different from Xu Shichang, the first governor of the east, Xi Liang proposed to build the railway by himself at the beginning of the year of the first year of the year of Xuantong, which was different from that of Xu Shichang, the first governor of the province. But it was refuted by the officials of the central government. Later, Xi Liang worked hard to build a railway between Jinzhou and Aihui by borrowing money from the United States, in an attempt to compete with Japan and Russian-controlled railways on the one hand, and on the other hand, to introduce European and American forces into the Northeast. Balance of power diplomacy between the following powers to consolidate the sovereignty of the Northeast border and border security. However the Jinai Railway loan program in the implementation process encountered both internal and external obstacles: in terms of external forces Japan. In order to avoid direct confrontation with the United States and Britain and to protect their own interests, Russia did not directly oppose Jinyi Road, but joined hands to intimidate and blackmail the Qing court. Claim that this road must be agreed upon before it can be implemented and requested to provide funds, engineer; At the same time, stepping up the pace of aggression against the three eastern provinces, Russia proposed the construction of a railway from Zhangjiakou to Chiaktu to replace the Jinai railway. As far as the Qing government is concerned, the Ministry of Post and Foreign Affairs. Due to the different roles between the three branches and the local governments in Northeast China, there are many differences in the cognition of Jinyi Road. The central embodiment is that the governor of the three eastern provinces strongly advocated the construction of roads by borrowing money while the attitude of the various departments was erratic. The loan plan of Jin'ai railway failed finally and the construction of the Northeast Railway faced the double dilemma of the game between China and foreign countries and the differences between central and local areas.
【作者单位】：安阳师范学院历史与文博学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目“锡良与清末新政研究”(13CZS055)的阶段成果
【分类号】：K252
【正文快照】： 自1898年始,俄国接连在中国东北修筑从满洲里经哈尔滨至绥芬河以及从哈尔滨经长春至大连的铁路,形成2500余公里的“丁”字形东清铁路。1905年日俄战争后,俄国将长春至大连段割让给日本,改称南满铁路。清末新政时期东三省铁路干线被日、俄南北分据,东北主权、边防安全受到严重

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