中国农民银行西安分行农贷研究（1934-1945年）

发布时间：2018-01-12 09:41

本文关键词：中国农民银行西安分行农贷研究（1934-1945年）　出处：《陕西师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国农民银行西安分行作为国民政府在陕西推行农业贷款的正统农业金融机构,自建立起就按照国民政府农业金融政策和总行有关规定,始终将农业贷款作为主要业务,为救济陕西农村经济、改善陕西农业生产条件、增强农业生产能力作出了重要贡献,尤其为抗战时期的物资供应提供了有力保障。但迄今为止,学术界还没有对中国农民银行西安分行的农贷业务做过全面系统的研究,所以,本文将利用陕西省档案馆所藏的有关中国农民银行西安分行的档案资料,对1934——1945年间西安分行在陕西推行农贷的过程进行系统分析,以揭示西安分行农贷的特点和作用,并为当前我国农村金融体系的建设提供借鉴。本文分为绪论、正文、结语三部分。绪论部分为第一章,主要阐明对西安分行农贷业务研究的意义和价值,概述当前学术界对陕西农村金融、中国农民银行、农贷业务的研究现状,说明本文的研究方法、特色和思路以及要解决的问题。第二章至第五章为文章的正文,第二章主要介绍中国农民银行西安分行在陕西推行农贷的背景,包括20世纪30年代陕西农村社会背景和西安分行农贷系统的建立情况。第三章主要分析1934——1939年西安分行农贷推行情况,通过对放款区域、对象、种类、程序及具体放款情况的叙述,结合当时陕西农村信用合作社办理农贷业务的调查资料,揭示西安分行的农贷在救济阶段的特征。第四章分析1940-—1945年的农贷推行情况,揭示抗战建设时期四联总处统一管理下西安分行农贷业务的特点。第五章对19341945年间西安分行推行的农贷业务作出评价,并对当前我国农村金融体系的完善提出建议。结语部分是对本项研究的综合评述。研究发现,西安分行自成立以来,严格执行国民政府的农业金融政策和总行的农贷规定,1934年——1939年开展了以救济陕西农村为主要任务的农贷业务,先后发放了合作社信用贷款、棉花产销贷款、抵押贷款、储押贷款和陕北边区救济贷款,为陕西农村经济的复苏做出了重要贡献。1940年后西安分行按照国民政府推行的战时金融政策和四联总处制定的农贷方针,以“增加粮食生产”为中心,组织发放贷款,支持修筑褒惠渠等六项大型水利工程,极大地改善了陕西农业生产的基础条件；同时推广优质麦种和棉种,粮棉产量显著增加,使陕西成为当时大后方的主要农产品供给省份,为抗日战争的胜利提供了重要的物质保障。然而,受当时历史条件的局限,加上农贷人才的缺乏、农民金融知识的欠缺,农贷效果并没有充分发挥出来。特别是1937年以后,因受战争环境影响,物价上涨的速度远远超过农贷额度增加的速度,贷款额度与农民的需求呈现出一定的差距,使农贷效益几乎被淹没。因此,当前我国在完善农村金融体系的过程中,应该以史为鉴,取长避短,为农村金融建设输送优秀人才,在广大农村大力普及金融知识；尽力避免中国农民银行西安分行农贷模式中存在的缺陷,建立健全农村信用贷款体系；借鉴当时推行的农业推广贷款的做法,在当前农村信用社贷款种类中增加“农业推广贷款”,鼓励农民积极使用推广农业科学技术,加快脱贫致富步伐。
[Abstract]:The farmers' Bank of Xi'an branch Chinese as the legitimate national government to carry out the agricultural financial institutions of agricultural loans in Shaanxi, since the establishment of the national government in accordance with the relevant provisions of the agricultural financial policy and the head office, and always will be the agricultural loans as the main business, for the relief of Shaanxi rural economy, improving agricultural production conditions in Shaanxi, made an important contribution to enhance the capacity of agricultural production. In particular, provide a strong guarantee for war supplies. But so far, the academic circles have not on the Farmers Bank of Xi'an branch of the agricultural business Chinese studied systematically in this paper, the use of the archives of Shaanxi province in the Xi'an branch of the bank Chinese farmers' archives, carries on the system analysis process 1934 - 1945 Xi'an branch in Shaanxi implementation of agricultural credit, in order to reveal the characteristics and functions of Xi'an branch of agricultural credit, and for the current rural gold The construction of the melting system can be used for reference.
This paper is divided into introduction, body, conclusion of three parts. The first chapter is introduction, mainly expounds the significance and value of agricultural credit business in Xi'an branch, an overview of the current academic circles on Shaanxi rural finance, farmers bank Chinese, research status of agricultural credit business, explains the research method of this thesis, the characteristics and ideas and problems to be solved the second chapter to the fifth chapter. The text of the article, the second chapter mainly introduces the Farmers Bank of Xi'an branch of agricultural China implementation background in Shaanxi, including the establishment of Shaanxi in the 1930s rural social background and Xi'an branch of agricultural credit system. The third chapter mainly analyzes the 1934 - 1939 Xi'an branch loan implementation through the lending area, object types the program and the specific loan situation described, combining with the investigation data at the time of the Shaanxi rural credit cooperatives for agricultural credit business, reveals the Xi'an branch loan in rescue The economic characteristic of the stage. The fourth chapter analysis of 1940- - 1945 nongdai implementation, reveal the characteristics of HFJB construction period under the unified management of the Xi'an branch of agricultural credit business. The fifth chapter makes an evaluation on the 19341945 years of implementation of the Xi'an branch of the agricultural credit business, and put forward some suggestions to improve the rural financial system in China. The conclusion part is comprehensive comment on the study.
The study found that the Xi'an branch since its inception, the strict implementation of the national government's agricultural financial policy and the head office of the agricultural credit regulations, 1934 - 1939 in order to carry out the relief in rural areas of Shaanxi as the main task of the agricultural business, has issued credit cooperatives, cotton production and marketing loans, mortgage loans, and the reservoir in Northern Shaanxi relief loans for Shaanxi rural economic recovery has made important contributions to.1940 years after the Xi'an branch in accordance with the development of national government to carry out the wartime financial policy and HFJB agricultural credit policy, to increase grain production "as the center, the organization of loans, support the construction of six large Bao Hui canal water conservancy project, greatly improve the basic conditions for agricultural production Shaanxi; at the same time to promote the quality of wheat and cotton, cotton and grain yield increased significantly, so that Shaanxi became the main agricultural products in the rear supply provinces, for the Anti Japanese War Provides important material guarantee for the victory. However, due to the limitations of historical conditions at that time, the lack of agricultural loans plus farmers financial talents, lack of knowledge, the effect of agricultural loans are not fully developed. Especially after 1937, due to the environmental impact of war, the speed of rising prices is far more than the amount of loans increased speed the loan amount and the needs of farmers showing a certain gap, the benefits of agricultural loans was almost submerged. Therefore, China should learn from history in the process of improving the rural financial system, and learn from others, talents for the construction of rural finance, promote financial knowledge in rural areas; to avoid the defects of the farmers' Bank of Xi'an China branch of agricultural credit model, and establish a sound system of rural credit loans; then the implementation of the agricultural extension from lending practices in the current rural credit cooperatives loan category increased Add the "agricultural extension loan" to encourage farmers to actively use and popularize agricultural science and technology to accelerate the pace of poverty alleviation and getting rich.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K26;F832.9

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