近代英国在西藏的“商务”的活动

发布时间：2018-01-16 17:11

本文关键词：近代英国在西藏的“商务”的活动　出处：《西藏民族学院》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：回顾西藏近百年的历史，西藏历经曲折和坎坷。从鸦片战争开始清朝内忧外患日益严重，清朝中央政府对边疆缺乏有效的管理和支持，此时,正逢帝国主义在全球开拓殖民地和掠夺原材料，西藏这块西方人很难触及的地方也成了他们争夺的猎物。西藏处于中国的西南，南边濒临印度，北抵新疆，东临祖国内地，西向中亚，战略位置十分重要，，英国曾企图使西藏成为抵抗俄国在中亚的战略缓冲带。早期西方人打探西藏都是以派遣传教士、探险者、科考队等名义陆续来到西藏，他们一部分人是为了传教，一部分人是为了科学调查，但这些活动客观上为后期殖民者提供了侵略西藏的人文地理信息和具体的参考资料。英国是侵略西藏的始作俑者，18世纪东印度公司专门派遣波格尔和特纳入藏，调查西藏的物产、交通、贸易情况。他们力图和西藏通商的要求被一一拒绝，最后英国人暴露了他们的真面目，断然采取武力侵入西藏，先后两次发动侵略战争，强迫西藏签订不平等条约。英国人强行在西藏亚东等地设置“商务”机构，疯狂掠夺我国资源，并以“商务”为由，在西藏从事政治、经济、文化侵略等活动。第二次世界大战后，英国势力有所下降，对西藏只能采取分裂、干涉等侵略活动。直到中华人民共和国成立后,英国侵略者才逐渐退出西藏的历史舞台。英国和西藏的关系史、英国侵略西藏史等这类研究成果浩如烟海，但对英国驻西藏机构的“商务”活动研究，几乎是空白。本篇采用文献研究法、历史比较分析、描述性研究等方法专门研究近代英国在西藏的“商务”活动及影响。本文主要通过英国早期以通商为由对西藏的打探、两次不平等条约后“商务”机构的建立为切入点，分析了英国在“商务”的旗帜下，对西藏的政治、经济、文化侵略及带来的影响。揭示了近代英帝国主义侵略西藏的本质，也展现了西藏人民反侵略的艰难历程。
[Abstract]:Looking back on the history of Tibet for nearly 100 years, Tibet has experienced twists and turns and ups and downs. Since the Opium War, the internal and external troubles of the Qing Dynasty have become increasingly serious, and the central government of the Qing Dynasty lacks effective management and support to the border areas. At a time when imperialism has colonized the world and plundered raw materials, Tibet, a place difficult for Westerners to reach, has become a prey for them. Tibet is in the southwest of China, bordering India to the south, and arriving in Xinjiang in the north. The strategic position is very important because it faces the mainland of China to the east and to Central Asia to the west. Britain once attempted to make Tibet a strategic buffer against Russia in Central Asia. In the early days, westerners explored Tibet by sending missionaries and explorers. In the name of scientific research teams, they have come to Tibet one after another. Some of them are for missionary purposes and some are for scientific investigation. But these activities objectively provided the later colonists with humanistic geographic information and specific reference materials for the invasion of Tibet. Britain was the initiator of the invasion of Tibet. In the 18th century, the East India Company sent Pogel and Turner to Tibet to investigate Tibet's property, transportation, and trade. Their request to trade with Tibet was rejected one by one. In the end, the British exposed their true colors and resolutely invaded Tibet by force, launching two wars of aggression one after another, forcing Tibet to sign unequal treaties, and the British forcibly set up "commercial" institutions in Tibet, including in eastern Asia and other places. After the second World War, the British forces have declined, and Tibet can only be divided into a secession, because they have plundered our country's resources and engaged in political, economic, and cultural aggression in Tibet on the grounds of "commerce." It was not until the founding of the people's Republic of China that the British aggressors gradually withdrew from the historical stage of Tibet. The history of relations between the United Kingdom and Tibet, the history of British aggression against Tibet, and other research achievements are vast, but the study of the "business" activities of British agencies in Tibet is almost blank. Historical comparative analysis, descriptive research and other methods are devoted to the study of modern British "business" activities in Tibet and their influence. This paper analyzes Britain's political and economic situation in Tibet under the banner of "commerce" through the early British exploration of Tibet on the grounds of trade and the establishment of "business" institutions after the two unequal treaties. The cultural aggression and its influence reveal the essence of the invasion of Tibet by the British imperialists in modern times, and also reveal the difficult course of the Tibetan people's anti-aggression.
【学位授予单位】：西藏民族学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K25

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