吴尚时对中国近代地理学的贡献与学术思想探讨

发布时间：2018-02-08 08:33

本文关键词： 吴尚时近代地理学法国地理学派中山大学　出处：《地理学报》2017年07期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：吴尚时(1904-1947)是中国近代地理学重要开创者之一。1928年吴尚时获金牌毕业于中山大学,次年考取公费前往法国学习地理学。他先后就读于里昂大学和格日诺布尔大学,授业于A.阿历克斯,M.巴尔台和R.布朗夏尔等,布氏是维达尔·布拉什知名弟子。1934年吴氏学成归国,任中山大学地理系教授,1939-1945年任地理系主任。时逢日军侵华,学校不断搬迁逃避战火,华南、西南千里迁徙之途成为先生的野外考察路线,这需要非同一般的坚毅意志和对科学的献身精神。先生学术文稿泰半完成于此艰危时期,过度的劳累和极度困苦的环境严重损害了他的健康。1947年,先生去世,年仅43岁。继张相文之后的第二代中国近代地理学家群体中,吴尚时是少有的综合地理学学家。先生所具有的综合与复杂性地理学思想和深厚的部门专业素养,在宏观把握与深入研究之间敏锐地找到恰当切入点和相对整体性以及杰出的野外工作能力,令其许多研究成果经受了科学发展和时间的严酷考验而历久弥新。如提出中国山系"一带三弧"格局、"丹霞南雄层"同时异相说、论证珠江三角洲之存在等。先生的建树涉及地形学、水文地理、气象学、制图学、区域地理等近代地理学各学科。先生的研究工作几乎都是他实地考察,敏锐的观察力,犀利严密的逻辑推理,广博的知识和专业直觉的结合。本文概述吴氏的主要学术成就和对中国近代地理学建立的贡献,对当代地理学仍有其现实意义。吴氏的科学思想与实践可以追溯到法国地理学派的亲炙和欧美地理学派的影响。同样有必要探讨根植于他意识深处的中国传统文化和人文主义的作用。以其社会关系和教育背景,先生不难跻身权贵,然其性刚正不阿,摈弃利禄,选择地理科学作为毕生事业,安贫乐道,穷而益坚。先生亦地理学教育大家,罗开富、曾昭璇、徐俊鸣等地理名家皆出其门下,中山大学地理系成为中国地理学重镇,先生功不可没。目前广州市政府在吴氏于1937年发现古海蚀崖所在建立"七星岗古海蚀遗址科学公园",并放置先生铜像。
[Abstract]:In 1928, Wu graduated from Sun Yat-sen University and went to France to study geography at public expense. He studied at the University of Lyon and the University of Greynobur. In 1934, Wu returned to China as Professor of Geography at Sun Yat-sen University. He was chairman of the Department of Geography from 1939 to 1945, when Japanese troops invaded China. Schools are constantly moving away from war, and the thousands of miles of migration from South China and Southwest China have become the way for students to study in the field. This requires extraordinary perseverance and dedication to science. Mr. Tai's academic papers were completed in this difficult and dangerous period. His health was seriously damaged by overwork and extreme hardship. In 1947, his husband died at the age of 43. In the second generation of modern Chinese geographers after Zhang Xiangwen, Wu Shangshi is a rare comprehensive geography scientist. Mr. Wu Shangshi has comprehensive and complex geography thoughts and deep departmental expertise. Keen to find the right entry point and relative integrity between macro-control and in-depth research, as well as outstanding field work skills, Many of its research achievements have withstood the severe test of scientific development and time. For example, when it comes to the "three arcs" pattern of the Chinese mountain system, the "Danxia Nanxiong layer" is also said to be different. Demonstrating the existence of the Pearl River Delta and so on. Mr. Chen's achievements are related to various subjects of modern geography, such as topography, hydrogeography, meteorology, cartography, regional geography, and so on. This paper summarizes Wu's main academic achievements and contributions to the establishment of modern Chinese geography. Wu's scientific thoughts and practices can be traced back to the affinity of the French school of geography and the influence of the European and American schools of geography. It is also necessary to explore the traditional Chinese texts rooted in the depths of his consciousness. The role of humanism, with its social and educational background, It is not difficult for you to be among the powerful, but your character is upright, and you abandon Lilu and choose geography science as your lifelong work. You are happy and poor. You are also educated in geography, Luo Kaifu and Zeng Zhaoxuan. Xu Junming and other famous geographical experts all came from their families, and the Department of Geography of Sun Yat-sen University became a major geographical town in China. At present, the Guangzhou Municipal Government discovered the ancient sea erosion cliff in 1937 and set up the "Qixing Gang Ancient Sea erosion site Scientific Park" and placed the bronze statue of Mr.
【作者单位】：华东师范大学河口海岸国家重点研究室;中山大学近岸海洋科学与技术研究中心;中山大学地理系;
【分类号】：K26

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