1947年河北省旱灾与救济研究

发布时间：2018-02-20 14:34

本文关键词： 1947年河北省旱灾救济　出处：《河北师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：旱灾是中国三大农业灾害之一。1947年河北省境内遭受大面积严重旱灾，，春旱连秋旱，数月不雨，庄稼枯萎，农业歉收。旱灾与战争交互并行，政局动荡不已，致使粮价高涨，大批难民流离失所，社会问题积重难返。本文在利用大量馆藏档案和报刊资料的基础上，综合运用历史学、社会学等相关理论及研究方法，对1947年河北旱灾进行深层次探讨。笔者认为，1947年河北省旱灾不仅仅是气候原因造成的，同时也是历史遗留问题、现实因素交织的结果。国共两党的战争，国民政府的腐朽没落及防灾设施的薄弱，无不加重旱灾的破坏程度，使本已灾难深重的人民又雪上加霜。文章强调，以往的过度开发，造成河北区域生态环境破坏，这是引发河北旱灾的重要因素；处于执政地位的国民党当局不重视北方水利设施的建设和维修，一定意义上加重了旱灾的危害程度和了救灾的难度。旱灾造成的民生困苦、生产破坏、社会动荡无不对政局的变革产生了催化作用。国民政府、共产党、国际救援组织及民间力量都对河北省旱灾救济付出了努力，但救济效果各有不同。总而言之，国民政府侧重于灾后救济，而共产党边区政府则对旱灾的防御重于救济。两相比较，相形见绌。国民党不重防御的片面救灾模式，致使其政失信于民。共产党防重于救济，双管齐下的人民救灾模式，预示着救灾模式的现代转型。民间力量和国际救灾组织对河北省灾害救济，尤其重视灾后卫生防疫，有效防止了灾后瘟疫的流行。综合比较各方救助经验与教训，对应对自然灾害和完善防灾减灾机制都具有重要的学术价值和现实意义。
[Abstract]:Drought is one of the three major agricultural disasters in China. In 1947, Hebei Province suffered from a large area of severe drought. In 1947, there was a severe drought in Hebei Province. Spring drought followed by autumn drought, months of dry rain, withering crops, agricultural failure and crop failure. The drought and the war went hand in hand, and the political situation was unceasing, causing food prices to rise. A large number of refugees have been displaced and social problems have not been easily solved for a long time. On the basis of making use of a large number of archives and newspapers and periodicals, this paper makes comprehensive use of relevant theories and research methods, such as history, sociology, etc. The author holds that the drought in Hebei Province on 1947 was not only caused by climatic factors, but also by historical problems and intertwined realistic factors. The war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, The decadent decline of the national government and the weakness of disaster prevention facilities have all aggravated the damage caused by the drought, adding to the problems of the already disastrous people. The article emphasizes that the past over-exploitation has caused the ecological environment damage in the Hebei region. This is an important factor leading to the drought in Hebei; the Kuomintang authorities in power do not attach importance to the construction and maintenance of water conservancy facilities in the north, which to a certain extent increases the degree of damage caused by the drought and the difficulty of disaster relief. The livelihood of the people caused by the drought is difficult. The destruction of production and social unrest have played a catalytic role in the transformation of the political situation. The National Government, the Communist Party, international relief organizations and non-governmental forces have all made efforts to relieve drought in Hebei Province, but the relief effects are different. In a word, the National Government focuses on post-disaster relief. On the other hand, the government of the Communist Party Border region is more important in its defense against drought than relief. Compared with each other, it is dwarfed by the one-sided disaster relief model of the Kuomintang, which does not place much emphasis on defense, resulting in its government losing faith in the people's affairs, and the people's disaster relief model, in which the Communist Party pays more attention to preventing drought than relief. It indicates the modern transformation of disaster relief mode. Folk forces and international disaster relief organizations pay special attention to the disaster relief in Hebei Province, pay special attention to post-disaster sanitation and epidemic prevention, effectively prevent the spread of post-disaster plague, and comprehensively compare the relief experiences and lessons of all parties. It is of great academic value and practical significance to deal with natural disasters and improve the mechanism of disaster prevention and mitigation.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K266;X43;D632.9

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