上海四清运动研究（1963-1966）

发布时间：2018-03-01 20:29

本文关键词： 上海四清运动小四清大四清干部问题　出处：《华东师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：四清运动又称城乡社会主义教育运动,发生在1963-1966年间,以“反修防修”为宗旨,强调阶级斗争的重要性。其起因与大跃进时期基层干部的恶劣行径有关。它是在当时中国共产党主要领导人的共识下发生的,试图通过这场运动解决当时出现的投机倒把、贪污盗窃、腐化堕落、改善比较紧张的干群关系,防止出现修正主义和和平演变。但由于以阶级斗争为纲的“左”的理论支配,对当时的形势估计失误,造成在这场运动中打击面扩大,并在理论与实践上最后为文化大革命的发生作了铺垫。四清运动是党史上不可或缺的一段重要历史。上海又是全国城市四清的重要试点之地。所以,理清上海市四清运动的发展情况对研究全国其他城市四清运动以及对上海当代党史党建研究都具有重要意义。本文基于上海市档案馆的原始材料,对1963-1966年上海四清运动作一个梳理,分别从上海四清运动的背景、历程、运作和实施的内容、特点、社会历史作用这四部分作了一个较为系统的考察。从背景来看,上海四清运动是在国内三年困难时期后的干部问题突出、群众生活困难、干群关系紧张以及国外修正主义、和平演变的形势下展开的。它同时也是中国社会和中国共产党内集聚的各种矛盾的总爆发。从历程来看,上海四清运动经历了“小四清”、“大四清”两个阶段。本文以运动安排的时间为节点,以上海的企事业单位为个案,具体分析上海四清运动如何进行。从运作和实施的内容来看,上海四清运动进行了工作队的组建、集训和分团,以及政策宣传到选举四清代表。其主要内容是清经济、清政治、清组织、清思想四大部分。本文对大量原始档案图表进行了具体分析。从特点来看,上海四清运动更为充分地发动群众,鼓励大胆怀疑揭发,更为充分地利用了外部力量进行整党整团整顿基层领导干部问题,更为深刻地挖掘资产阶级根子,整顿党员干部队伍。并起到了以下积极作用：解决了干部队伍中严重的“四不清”问题,纯洁了干部队伍；加强了经济管理,增强了群众对党的信任；并推动了生产的发展。但它也带来了消极作用：扩大了打击面,不少干部受到不应有的打击和伤害；工作队“包办代替”,基层组织一度成为“空架子”；群众性煽动忽略民主与法制,政治动员方式值得商榷；干群矛盾不是消除了,而是加深了；挫伤了干部群众的积极性,造成不必要的心理阴影；整个社会形成一种“正气下降,邪气上升”的氛围。通过以上几个方面的考察和分析,我们可以清晰地看到四清运动的脉络和历史作用,让我们了解到中国共产党在当时是如何反腐拒变的。同时也让我们看到群众运动力量的负面影响,以此为鉴,不能再开展大规模的群众运动了。
[Abstract]:The Siqing Movement, also known as the urban and rural socialist education movement, took place in 1963-1966, with the aim of "opposing repairs and preventing repairs". Emphasizing the importance of class struggle. Its cause is related to the abominable behavior of grassroots cadres during the Great Leap forward. It happened under the consensus of the main leaders of the Communist Party of China at that time, trying to resolve the speculation that occurred at that time through this movement. Corruption and theft, corruption and corruption, improving tense relations between the cadres and the masses, and preventing revisionism and peaceful evolution. However, due to the domination of the "left" theory based on class struggle, the estimation of the situation at that time was wrong. In this movement, the impact was expanded, and finally laid the foundation for the Cultural Revolution in theory and practice. The Siqing Movement is an indispensable part of the history of the Party. Shanghai is also an important pilot site for the four Qing dynasties in the cities of the whole country. So, To clarify the development of the Siqing Movement in Shanghai is of great significance to the study of the Siqing Movement in other cities throughout the country as well as to the study of the party building in the contemporary history of the CPC in Shanghai. This paper is based on the original materials of the Shanghai Archives. This paper combs the four Qing movements in Shanghai from 1963-1966, and makes a systematic investigation from the background, course, operation and implementation contents, characteristics and social and historical roles of the four movements in Shanghai. Judging from the background, the four Qing movements in Shanghai were marked by problems of cadres after three difficult periods in China, difficulties in the life of the masses, tension between cadres and masses, and revisionism abroad. It is also a general outbreak of contradictions between Chinese society and the Communist Party of China. From the point of view of the course, the movement of the four Qing Dynasty in Shanghai has gone through two stages of "Little four Qing" and "Big four Qing". This paper takes the time of movement arrangement as the node and the enterprises and institutions in Shanghai as a case to analyze how the movement of the four Qing in Shanghai is carried out. From the aspects of operation and implementation, the Shanghai Siqing Movement conducted the formation of task forces, training and subgroups, and policy propaganda to the election of Siqing deputies. Its main contents were Qing economy, Qing politics, and Qing organizations. Four parts of Qing thought. This paper makes a concrete analysis of a large number of original file charts. Judging from its characteristics, the four Qing movements in Shanghai mobilized the masses more fully, encouraged bold suspicions and revelations, made full use of external forces to consolidate the party and the whole regiment and rectified the problem of leading cadres at the grass-roots level, and dug deeper into the bourgeois roots. Rectifying the ranks of party members and cadres has played the following positive roles: solving the serious "four unclear" problems in the ranks of cadres, purifying the ranks of cadres, strengthening economic management and enhancing the trust of the masses in the Party; And promoted the development of production, but it also brought negative effects: expanded the scope of attack, many cadres were undeserved blows and injuries; When the task force was "arranged instead of organized," grassroots organizations once became "empty airs"; mass incitement ignored democracy and the legal system, and the method of political mobilization was debatable; the contradictions between cadres and the masses were not eliminated, but deepened; and the enthusiasm of cadres and the masses was dampened. Causes unnecessary psychological shadow; the whole society forms a kind of "positive spirit decline, evil spirit ascends" the atmosphere. Through the investigation and analysis of the above aspects, we can clearly see the context and historical role of the four Qing movements. Let us understand how the Communist Party of China refused to fight corruption at that time. At the same time, let us see the negative impact of mass movement forces, and learn from this, we can no longer carry out large-scale mass movement.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K27

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