抗战期间国民党组织特性问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 19:23

本文选题：抗战期间　切入点：国民党　出处：《山东大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 抗战期间,国民党为了巩固执政地位,赢得抗战胜利,对自身组织的价值指向、成员构成及其运行机制等作出了一系列的调整。这些调整及其变化,使国民党在一定程度上适应了抗战形势的需要,顺应了抗战的民意。了解抗战期间国民党对自身组织的调整及其变化,对我们今天全面认识和准确把握抗战期间国民党的组织特性,加深政党组织应随形势、任务的变化而作出相应调整的认识,有一定的借鉴和启示意义。抗战爆发后,国民党在理论上提出了“抗战建国”的主张,以此来适应新形势下的理论需要,“抗战建国”理论与战前南京国民政府施行的“党国”理论有一些不同,其主要有以下几个特点：重新解释了三民主义,赋予三民主义以“抗战建国”新的内涵,这就是,民族主义为“求民族之生产独立”,民权主义为“发展民力”,民生主义为“谋求生产力之发展”。同时,国民党党务系统运行和组织原则,也发生了一系列的变化,党务组织的垂直领导能力有所加强；上级对下级的约束力进一步提升,加强了组织纪律,权力进一步向上级集中,各级首长的权力加大；战时国民党的基层组织也有所发展。此外,面对共同的敌人,国民党内的派系也出现了整合与分化。抗战军兴,各派系都暂时服从国民党中央的命令,集中在中央的统一领导之下,公开的反叛与对抗渐趋销声匿迹,表面上大都承认蒋介石的领袖地位,共同抗日,一致对外。与此同时,党内的派系也有许多新的分化：三青团的成立,使国民党的派系斗争延伸到新的政治组织之中；蒋经国“新太子系”,因蒋介石的大力支持,在国民党内诸派系中迅速崛起,并逐渐力压其他派系；朱家骅系伴随着朱家骅在国民党中央组织部部长的上任和离职,自然地升起与陨落。还有,抗战期间,国民党党员数量激增,并在构成上,与战前相比有了很大不同：农民、工人及军人党员人数增多；中央部门党员的学历结构以及党员的地域分布等,都发生了一些变化。除此之外,国民党的党风与其他时期相比,也呈现出一些新的特点。在强大的日本帝国主义的巨大压力下,众多国民党员信心不足,精神低迷、意志消沉、士气低落。对此,国民党中央也无计可施,“党魂”“党德”成为空洞的宣传口号。在工作作风上,效率也十分低下,怠惰废弛,党群关系更加恶化,等等。研究抗战期间国民党对自身组织的调整及其特性的变化,对于我们加深政党组织建设与政党使命要求之关系的正确认识和准确把握,有一定的帮助。
[Abstract]:During the War of Resistance against Japan, in order to consolidate its ruling position and win victory in the War of Resistance, the Kuomintang made a series of adjustments to the value orientation of its own organization, the composition of its members and its operating mechanism. To enable the Kuomintang to adapt to the needs of the situation in the War of Resistance to a certain extent and to comply with the will of the people of the War of Resistance, to understand the adjustment and changes in its organization during the War of Resistance against Japan. It is of great significance for us to fully understand and accurately grasp the organizational characteristics of the Kuomintang during the War of Resistance against Japan and to deepen the understanding that the organization of political parties should be adjusted accordingly with the changes of the situation and tasks. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, the Kuomintang put forward the proposition of "building a nation in the war of resistance" in theory in order to meet the theoretical needs of the new situation. The theory of "building a country in the war of resistance" was somewhat different from the theory of "party and state" implemented by the Nanjing National Government before the war. Its main features are as follows: reinterpreting the three people's principles and giving them a new connotation of "building a nation in the War of Resistance against Japan", that is, Nationalism seeks "independence of the nation's production", civil rights doctrine "develops the people's power", and the people's livelihood "seeks the development of productive forces". At the same time, a series of changes have taken place in the operation and organization of the Kuomintang's party affairs system. The vertical leadership ability of the Party affairs organizations has been strengthened, the binding force of the higher level on the lower level has been further enhanced, organizational discipline has been strengthened, the power has been further centralized to the higher level, and the power of the heads at all levels has been increased. The grassroots organizations of the Kuomintang also developed during the war. In addition, in the face of the common enemy, the factions within the KMT also became integrated and divided. In the wake of the War of Resistance against Japan, all factions temporarily obeyed orders from the Kuomintang Central Committee. Concentrated under the unified leadership of the Central Committee, the open rebellion and confrontation gradually disappeared. On the face of it, most of them recognized Jiang Jieshi as a leader, fought together against Japan and unanimously joined the outside world. At the same time, There are also many new divisions among the factions within the Party: the founding of the three Youth League led to the extension of the Kuomintang factional struggle into the new political organizations; and Jiang Jingguo's "new crown prince", thanks to the vigorous support of Jiang Jieshi, rose rapidly among the various factions within the KMT. And gradually over other factions; Zhu Jiahua was born and fell naturally with Zhu Jiahua's appointment and departure as head of the Organization Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee. Moreover, during the War of Resistance against Japan, the number of KMT members increased sharply, and the composition of the KMT members increased dramatically. Compared with the pre-war period, there have been great differences: the number of peasants, workers and military members has increased, and the educational structure and the geographical distribution of party members in the central departments have all undergone some changes. In addition, the party style of the Kuomintang is compared with that of other periods. There are also some new features. Under the great pressure of the powerful Japanese imperialism, the confidence of many Kuomintang members is insufficient, their spirit is low, their will is low, and their morale is low. The KMT Central Committee has nothing to do with it. "Party spirit" and "party morality" have become empty propaganda slogans. In terms of work style, efficiency is also very low, laziness and relaxation, and the relations between the Party and the masses have worsened, and so on. It is helpful for us to deepen the correct understanding and accurate grasp of the relationship between the construction of the political party organization and the demands of the party's mission by studying the adjustment of the Kuomintang's own organization and the change of its characteristics during the Anti-Japanese War.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K265

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