晚清及民国初期山东籍海外侨民研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 14:14

本文选题：晚清　切入点：民初　出处：《山东师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：清末民初时期的中国是一个多灾多难的国家。鸦片战争之后，中国社会进入半殖民地半封建社会。中国自给自足的封建经济迅速瓦解，资本主义势力进入中国市场，大量物美价廉的西方商品严重冲击了中国传统的小农商品，大批小手工业者破产，被迫走出国门。而当时的山东人民由于战乱失去赖以生存的土地，连年的自然灾害、严重的匪患以及人口膨胀造成的人口土地失衡更让山东人雪上加霜。老百姓生活极度贫困，痛苦不堪。山东人被迫远离家乡，出国谋生。他们有的是做苦力、有的是经商、有的是留学，虽然选择的道路不同，但是他们在国外的境遇却都与祖国的政策、国力息息相关。由于地理优势，韩国、朝鲜、日本是山东人民自愿出国的理想之地，他们到达异国之后，凭借着他们的勤劳和勇敢从零工、伙计做起，开设商号、饭铺、绸缎庄等，不仅解决了自身的生活问题，还依据他们团结合作的精神为其他华侨争取利益，在当地形成了强大的经济实力。因此，本文重点在是清末民初的历史大背景下，介绍山东籍侨民在日本、朝鲜、俄国、美国以及南洋的具体生活，以及他们不同的生活命运。本文主要是通过以下几个方面展开论述：第一章为清末民初时期的华侨政策。一个国家的侨民状况往往与这个国家的侨民政策密不可分，它关系着侨民在外的境遇、受尊重程度甚至生命安全程度。因此，在第一章中笔者尽可能详细的介绍了清末民初的华侨政策及其变化，以便更好的理解海外侨民境遇的变化；第二章为晚清时期的山东籍侨民。该章具体的介绍了晚清时期山东籍华侨在朝鲜、日本、南非、俄国等国国家的具体情况，包括当时他们所从事的工种、待遇、具体人数以及发展状况等；第三章则为民国时期的山东籍侨民。同样包括了日本、朝鲜的山东籍华工、留学生以及华商。但该章重点论述了一战时期山东籍华工在欧洲的具体生活，包括它在山东的招募情况、在法工作情形、华工的待遇与工作以及华工为世界做出的贡献。另外，在文章的最后，笔者还附注了两篇附录，一篇为当时人描写山东华工的文章，，一篇则为山东籍华工在欧战牺牲人的姓名，借此纪念那些在欧战中为世界和平作出贡献的普通山东人。纵观清末民初时期的山东籍华侨，无论是华商、留学生还是华工，也无论是他们在世界的哪个国家，都以勤劳、勇敢、诚信、好学赢得了世界的尊重。他们也许是由于生活所迫远离家乡、也许是因为追求更好的生活奔赴异国，但他们身上所体现的都是中华民族的精神，他们给所在国带去的不仅仅是物质上的繁荣，更有精神上的给养。山东籍华侨还有着浓厚的爱国情结，他们在外打拼出一片天地之后往往会回国投资开设工厂，引进先进设备与技术，对山东近代化建设做出了重要的贡献。他们是勤劳勇敢的代表，是中华民族精神的代表。他们永远都应受到世人的尊敬。
[Abstract]:After the Opium War, Chinese society entered a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. China's self-sufficient feudal economy rapidly collapsed and capitalist forces entered the Chinese market. A large number of high-quality and cheap Western commodities have seriously impacted on the traditional Chinese small farmers' commodities, and a large number of small craftsmen went bankrupt and were forced to go out of the country. At that time, the people of Shandong lost the land on which they depended for survival because of the war, and suffered from natural disasters for years. The serious banditry and the population and land imbalance caused by the population expansion made the people of Shandong even worse. The ordinary people lived in extreme poverty and suffering. The Shandong people were forced to leave their hometown and go abroad to earn a living. Some of them did hard work and some did business. Some of them study abroad. Although they choose different paths, their circumstances abroad are closely related to the policies of the motherland and their national strength. Because of their geographical advantages, South Korea, Korea, and Japan are ideal places for the people of Shandong to voluntarily go abroad. After they arrived in a foreign country, relying on their industriousness and bravery, starting from odd jobs, fellas, opening shops, rice shops, silk shops, etc., they not only solved their own living problems, but also fought for the interests of other overseas Chinese in accordance with their spirit of unity and cooperation. Therefore, this paper focuses on the historical background of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, introducing the specific life of Shandong expatriates in Japan, Korea, Russia, the United States and the South Ocean, as well as their different life destinies. This paper is mainly through the following aspects of the discussion:. The first chapter is the overseas Chinese policy in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. The expatriate status of a country is often closely related to the expatriate policy of this country, which relates to the situation of the diaspora, the degree of respect and even the degree of safety of life. In the first chapter, the author introduces the overseas Chinese policy and its changes in the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China in order to better understand the changes of the situation of overseas Chinese. The second chapter is the Shandong diaspora in the late Qing Dynasty. This chapter specifically introduces the specific situation of Shandong overseas Chinese in Korea, Japan, South Africa, Russia and other countries during the late Qing Dynasty, including the types of work they were engaged in and their treatment. The number of people and the status of their development. Chapter three is the Shandong diaspora during the Republic of China. It also includes Chinese workers from Shandong in Japan and Korea. However, this chapter focuses on the specific life of Shandong Chinese workers in Europe during the first World War, including its recruitment in Shandong, its work in France, the treatment and work of Chinese workers, and the contributions made by Chinese workers to the world. At the end of the article, the author also appended two appendices, one about the description of Shandong Chinese workers at that time and the other about the names of those who died in the war in Europe. In memory of those who contributed to world peace in the European War ordinary Shandong people. Throughout the period of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, Shandong overseas Chinese, whether they were Chinese businessmen, overseas students or Chinese workers, and no matter what country they were in in the world, were hardworking, brave and honest. They may be forced by life to leave their hometown, perhaps because of the pursuit of a better life to go to a foreign country, but what they embody is the spirit of the Chinese nation. What they bring to the host country is not only material prosperity, but also spiritual support. The overseas Chinese from Shandong also have a strong patriotic complex. They often return to China to invest in the establishment of factories after they have fought in a field. The introduction of advanced equipment and technology has made an important contribution to the modernization of Shandong. They are hardworking and brave representatives and representatives of the spirit of the Chinese nation. They should always be respected by the world.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K251;D634

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