传承与转型：民国时期云南学徒制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 16:42

本文选题：学徒制度　切入点：近代转型　出处：《云南大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：学徒制度是一种涉及到社会组织和经济的制度,历史悠久,分布广泛,与契约、血缘、地域有着密切的关系。学徒制度以行会组织和同业公会组织为载体,特征为集招收、培养、雇佣和资格认证于一身。近代学徒制度是一种特殊的经济制度,又是一种特殊的社会流动机制,还是一种职业技术培训制度。随着云南近代企业的发展,云南传统的学徒制逐渐转型。民国时期,随着同业公会组织的建立,云南学徒制的发展进入繁荣阶段,形成一套系统规范的技术人才培养体系,其内容包括学徒的招收、培养、满师以及违规处罚等。但由于自身无法克服的弊端和不能适应近代企业发展的需求,近代的学徒制度不可避免的走向衰落。云南学徒制度有其特殊性和独特作用,其特殊性产生的根源在于云南规范的学徒制度并非自发生成,而是由外省借鉴而来的。民国时期云南的学徒制度完成了传统学徒制度向现代学徒制度的转型,表现在以下几个方面：首先,传统的学徒制度只是一种约定俗成,民国时期形成了一整套规范的学徒制度体系。其次,民国时期的学徒角色由过去农民——手工业生产者——工商业从业者三级社会角色转变为农民——廉价劳动力二级社会角色。再次,学徒入行学习需要订立契约,有严格的要求和规范的仪式,体现了近代的契约精神,形成了中国近代社会亲缘、地缘为主的人际关系向雇佣和业缘关系转变的趋势。最后,民国时期的学徒制度作为传统与现代的过渡,具有过渡性的特征。民国时期的学徒制度,一方面为当时云南的工商业发展提供了技术人才,另一方面为现代学徒制度提供了借鉴。
[Abstract]:Apprenticeship system is a system involving social organization and economy. It has a long history and wide distribution, and has close relationship with contract, blood relationship and region. Modern apprenticeship system is a special economic system, a special social mobility mechanism, or a vocational and technical training system. With the development of modern enterprises in Yunnan, The traditional apprenticeship system in Yunnan gradually changed. During the Republic of China, with the establishment of trade association, the development of Yunnan apprenticeship system entered a prosperous stage, forming a systematic and standardized training system of technical talents, including the recruitment and training of apprentices. However, due to the defects which can not be overcome by themselves and their inability to adapt to the needs of the development of modern enterprises, the modern apprenticeship system inevitably declined. The apprenticeship system in Yunnan has its particularity and unique function. The origin of its particularity lies in the fact that the standard apprenticeship system in Yunnan is not spontaneous, but is drawn from by other provinces. During the period of the Republic of China, the apprenticeship system in Yunnan completed the transition from traditional apprenticeship system to modern apprenticeship system. In the following aspects: first, the traditional apprenticeship system is only a conventional, the Republic of China formed a set of standardized apprenticeship system. In the period of the Republic of China, the apprenticeship role changed from the three social roles of peasants, handicraft producers and industrial and commercial practitioners to the second-level social roles of peasants and cheap labor. Thirdly, apprenticeships needed to make contracts. There are strict requirements and standardized rituals, which embody the spirit of modern contract, and form the trend of social kinship in modern China and the transformation of geographical interpersonal relationship to employment and career relationship. Finally, The apprenticeship system in the period of the Republic of China, as a transition between tradition and modernity, had transitional characteristics. On the one hand, the apprenticeship system during the period of the Republic of China provided technical talents for the development of industry and commerce in Yunnan at that time. On the other hand, it provides reference for modern apprenticeship system.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K258;F279.29

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