民国时期安徽对外贸易研究（1912-1937）

发布时间：2018-03-10 06:07

本文选题：民国时期　切入点：安徽　出处：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：鸦片战争后,中国被列强强行拉进了世界市场。由于安徽缺少通商口岸和自然经济的抵制,对外贸易发展缓慢。1877年,芜湖开埠,安徽有了直接的通商口岸,对外贸易迅速发展。进入民国后,安徽对外贸易并没有延续晚清时快速发展的趋势,而是呈现波动性增长。商品结构上出口以农产品为主,进口以工业品为主。地理结构上以国内贸易为主,主要对象是上海为核心的中部地区,国际贸易以美国、日本、英国和香港为主。对外贸易发展也出现了一些新变化,商品结构变化、农产品商品化增加、直接贸易伙伴国变化、直接对外国贸易增加、在全国贸易中的地位下降、土货进口额逐渐大于洋货进口额。民国时期安徽是一个典型的农业地区,社会经济各行业发展都较为落后。对外贸易的发展虽然使得安徽沦为列强的原料产地及商品输出地,安徽的矿业、农业和工业等各行业惨遭掠夺和压榨。但是也为安徽发展带来了技术、先进机器等,推动着社会经济的缓慢发展。社会经济的缓慢发展也为对外贸易提供了重要支撑,出口商品生产、商业网络逐步完善、进口商品消费市场、交通发展等为发展对外贸易提供了基本要素。然而,不可否认的是安徽落后的社会经济条件了限制安徽对外贸易进一步发展。民国时期安徽的对外贸易虽然总体呈发展趋势,但是依然存在着商品结构单一、地理分布集中、政府干扰、经营主体失衡、通商口岸少的问题,从历史中学习经验与教训,有利于推动安徽现代对外贸易发展。
[Abstract]:After the Opium War, China was forcibly drawn into the world market by the powers. Due to the lack of trade ports and the resistance of natural economy in Anhui, foreign trade developed slowly. In 1877, Wuhu opened its port, and Anhui had a direct trade port. Foreign trade developed rapidly. After entering the Republic of China, Anhui's foreign trade did not continue the trend of rapid development in the late Qing Dynasty. Imports are mainly industrial products, domestic trade is the main geographical structure, the main target is the central region with Shanghai as the core, and the international trade is dominated by the United States, Japan, Britain and Hong Kong. Some new changes have also taken place in the development of foreign trade. The structure of commodities has changed, the commercialization of agricultural products has increased, the direct trading partners have changed, the direct trade to foreign countries has increased, and their status in national trade has declined. During the period of the Republic of China, Anhui was a typical agricultural area, and the development of social and economic sectors was relatively backward. Although the development of foreign trade made Anhui become the raw material origin and commodity export place of the great powers, Mining, agriculture, industry and other industries in Anhui have been plundered and squeezed. But it has also brought technology and advanced machinery to the development of Anhui. Promoting the slow development of the social economy. The slow development of the social economy has also provided important support for foreign trade, the production of export commodities, the gradual improvement of commercial networks, and the consumption market of imported commodities. However, it is undeniable that Anhui's backward social and economic conditions have restricted the further development of Anhui's foreign trade. Although Anhui's foreign trade generally showed a developing trend during the Republic of China, However, there are still some problems such as single commodity structure, centralized geographical distribution, government interference, imbalance of the main body of management and few commercial ports. Learning experience and lessons from history is conducive to promoting the development of Anhui's modern foreign trade.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K258

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