政闻社研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 07:29

本文选题：政闻社　切入点：清末立宪运动　出处：《湘潭大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：政闻社是海外立宪派在东京组建而成的立宪团体。准确来说，政闻社成立的历史大背景是官制改革结果的颁布，而不是预备立宪诏谕的颁发。梁启超等人因不满官制改革结果，才欲成立组织促进清政府立宪进程。在梁启超他们看来，组建政闻社，不仅可以与在海外活动的革命派相抗衡，遏制他们势力发展，还可以广收政治人才，服务社会；建成政治、舆论之表示机关，培养国民程度；监督和改造政府，推进立宪。在筹建政闻社过程中，梁启超等人就康有为是否入党、政闻社本部、政闻社筹建方式、干部标准、职员章程、与其他立宪团体党派之间关系等问题进行多番讨论，意见不完全相同。1907年10月17日，政闻社正式成立，其先后发表宣言书、社约、社员简章等文件，对政闻社的宗旨、主义、政治纲领、组织、职员设置等做了具体规定。1908年8月13日，清廷下旨查禁政闻社。其中陈景仁案及海外二百埠华侨请愿书是政闻社被查禁的导火线，其不仅将政闻社暴露在清政府的眼皮下，而且激起清政府对康梁的仇恨。根据清政府颁布的严惩陈景仁和查禁政闻社两道谕旨，清政府对康梁的仇恨是政闻社被查禁的直接原因。根本原因则是立宪运动蓬勃发展，清政府为了遏制立宪团体的速开国会请愿运动。政闻社成立后的主要活动有：创办机关报《政论》，从国会、政党、地方自治等方面宣传立宪；积极回应国内反帝爱国民族运动，，支持苏杭甬路权运动、二辰丸事件及抵制日货运动；筹办《江汉公报》及江汉公学，因种种原因未能办成；组建国会期成会，组织及参与国会请愿运动。政闻社的成立、查禁、活动与清政府、立宪派、革命派息息相关。政闻社与清政府、立宪派、革命派之间的关系具体体现为康梁派与三者之间的关系。政闻社并无推翻清政府之心，其旨在改造清政府，它制定“上层路线”策略，积极联络清廷大员，企图获得支持，便于活动，但是不被清政府接受，反遭查封。政闻社一度想将国内立宪派招入麾下，有领导立宪派之意图，但是不被国内立宪派承认，其与国内立宪派之间既有合作又有斗争。政闻社在海外与革命派进行了激烈的斗争，双方在拒款保路运动、二辰丸事件乃至抵制日货运动中互有冲突，革命派破坏政闻社成立大会，革命报刊对其的攻讦，已经超出了党派斗争的范围。政闻社存在虽然不到一年，但它团结了国外及国内部分立宪派人士，增强了立宪派实力，它的活动促进了清末立宪运动进程，清政府将其查禁，暴露了清政府对立宪政治的态度，引发国人对清政府的抨击。
[Abstract]:The Chengwen Society is a constitutional organization formed in Tokyo by overseas constitutionalists. To be precise, the historical background of the establishment of the Society is the promulgation of the results of the official system reform, not the preparation of the issuance of the decree. Liang Qichao and others are dissatisfied with the results of the official system reform. In Liang Qichao's view, the establishment of the political news society could not only counteract the revolutionaries operating overseas, but also curb the development of their forces, but also bring in political talents and serve the society. In the process of establishing a political news cooperative, Liang Qichao and others discussed whether Kang Youwei would join the party, the political news society headquarters, the political news cooperative organization, the way the political news co-operative was to be established, and the cadres' standard. The staff charter, relations with other constitutional organizations and parties have been discussed many times, but their views are not identical. In October 17th 1907, the Chengwen Society was formally established, and it successively issued documents such as a manifesto, a social covenant, a brief charter for members, and so on. The aim, doctrine, political program, organization and staff establishment of the political news cooperative were specified. In August 13th 1908, the Qing government issued a decree to ban the political news agency. Among them, the Chen Jingren case and the overseas Chinese petition of 200 ports were the fuse for the political news society to be banned. It not only exposed the Zheng Wen Society to the eyes of the Qing government, but also aroused the Qing government's hatred towards Kang Liang. According to the two decrees issued by the Qing government to severely punish Chen Jingren and ban the political news society, The hatred of the Qing government towards Kang Liang was the direct cause of the ban on the political news society. The root cause was the vigorous development of the constitutional movement. The main activities of the Qing government after the establishment of the political news society included the establishment of a government newspaper, propaganda for the constitution from the Congress, political parties, and local autonomy, and a positive response to the domestic anti-imperialist patriotic national movement. To support the Suzhou, Hangzhou-Ningbo Road Rights Movement, the Erchen Maru incident and the boycott of Japanese goods; to organize the Jianghan Communique and the Jianghan Public School, which could not be completed for various reasons; to form a parliamentary session to organize and participate in the parliamentary petition movement; and to organize and participate in the parliamentary petition movement, the establishment of the political news society and the ban on the establishment of the political news society. The activities are closely related to the Qing government, the constitutionalists and the revolutionaries. The relationship between the political news society and the Qing government, the constitutional school and the revolutionary school is embodied in the relationship between the Kang Liang school and the three groups. The political news society did not overthrow the Qing government. It aims to reform the Qing government. It formulates a strategy of "upper line", actively liaises with members of the Qing government, and tries to gain support and facilitate activities, but it is not accepted by the Qing government, but is instead sealed up. At one time, the political news society wanted to enlist the domestic constitutionalists under its command. They have the intention to lead the constitutionalists, but they are not recognized by the domestic constitutionalists. They have both cooperation and struggle with the domestic constitutionalists. The Erchen Maru incident and even the boycott of Japanese goods were in conflict with each other. The revolutionary faction destroyed the founding meeting of the political news agency, and the revolutionary newspapers criticized it, which has gone beyond the scope of party struggle. Although the political news society existed for less than a year, But it unites some foreign and domestic constitutionalists and strengthens the strength of constitutionalists. Its activities promoted the process of constitutionalism movement in the late Qing Dynasty, which was banned by the Qing government, which exposed the Qing government's attitude towards constitutional politics. Triggered a Chinese attack on the Qing government.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K257.5

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