20世纪50年代贵州铜仁地区扫盲运动研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 18:06

本文选题：20世纪50年代　切入点：铜仁地区　出处：《西南大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：新中国成立初期,为了适应各种伟大的政治改革和经济建设,中共中央在全国上下开展了一场识字化的扫盲运动。1950年9月召开的全国第一次工农教育会议,在《中国人民政治协商会议共同纲领》(以下简称《共同纲领》)的基础上进一步明确了对工农教育的基本任务,此后在全国范围内就兴起了一场规模巨大的群众性文化革命运动。到了1956年,中共中央政务院发布了《关于扫除文盲的决定》,明确把扫盲教育作为了一项政治任务来抓,促进和深化了扫盲运动的发展。铜仁地区在响应中共中央及贵州省人民政府号召的同时,结合地区的历史和民众的特点,开展了轰轰烈烈的扫盲运动。扫盲运动的具体实施,不仅得到了铜仁地区少数民族的认可和接受,而且还团结了广大人民群众,使他们从根本上改变了封建落后的教育观念。民众识字化水平的提高,对地区政治的改革和经济的建设都起到了十分重要的作用,最终使得中共的政权在贵州铜仁地区得到了巩固。本文利用贵州省档案馆、铜仁市档案局及几个县级档案馆的大量档案资料,对20世纪50年代铜仁地区开展扫盲运动的几个主要方面进行了初步的研究,在此基础上总结了扫盲运动的成效及对当今成人教育工作的启示。本文在逻辑结构上由绪论和正文构成。绪论部分:论述了选题的缘由及意义,并对本论文的研究现状进行了整理和述评,同时确定了本文的研究思路和研究方法,最后对相关概念进行了界定。第一部分:20世纪50年代铜仁地区扫盲运动的背景及困境。该部分主要介绍了铜仁地区开展扫盲运动的背景及其在实施过程中所面临的困境。第二部分:自上而下扫盲运动领导机构的设置。此部分主要是阐述为了更好的进行扫盲运动,设立了一系列常规性的扫盲机构和临时性的扫盲组织,保证了这段时期扫盲运动的有效实施。第三部分:密切联系实际的扫盲教材和教学内容。此部分主要论述了20世纪50年代铜仁地区为了更好的开展扫盲运动,在中央的指导之下结合地区实际与地区民众的特点和生产生活的需要编写的教材和教学内容。第四部分:扫盲师资队伍的组建与培训。这一部分主要论述了铜仁地区为了开展起扫盲运动,如何大规模的组建和培训扫盲教师,建立起了一支符合社会主义建设的师资队伍。第五部分:因地制宜的教学方式和手段。该部分主要阐述了扫盲运动结合地区的特点,采用了灵活规范的组织形式和全面具体的教学方法。第六部分:多种形式的筹资渠道与规范化的管理体系。该部分主要讲述了20世纪50年代铜仁地区在政府的领导下,多种不同的筹资途径和逐渐规范化的管理体系。第七部分:20世纪50年代铜仁地区扫盲运动的效果与启示。本部分主要概述了20世纪50年代铜仁地区扫盲运动所取得的成效,通过对全文的论述,总结了经验,为新时期的成人教育提供了借鉴和启示。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the founding of New China, in order to adapt to various great political reforms and economic construction, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China launched a literacy campaign nationwide. In September 1950, the first National Conference on Workers and Peasants Education was held. On the basis of the "Common Programme of the Chinese people's political Consultative Conference" (hereinafter referred to as the "Common Programme"), the basic task of educating workers and peasants has been further clarified. In 1956, the CPC Central Committee Administrative Office issued the "decision on eradicating illiteracy", which explicitly took literacy education as a political task. Promoting and deepening the development of the literacy campaign. While responding to the call of the CPC Central Committee and the Guizhou Provincial people's Government, the Tongren region has launched a vigorous literacy campaign and the concrete implementation of the literacy campaign, taking into account the history of the region and the characteristics of the people. Not only has it been recognized and accepted by the ethnic minorities in Tongren, but it has also United the broad masses of the people so that they have fundamentally changed their feudal and backward educational concepts and the improvement of the literacy level of the people. It played a very important role in the reform of regional politics and the construction of economy, and finally made the political power of the Communist Party of China consolidate in Tongren region of Guizhou. In 1950s, the Tongren Municipal Archives Bureau and a large number of archives at the county level carried out a preliminary study on several major aspects of the literacy campaign in Tongren. On this basis, it summarizes the effect of the literacy campaign and its enlightenment to the current adult education work. The logical structure of this paper is composed of the introduction and the text. The introduction part: discusses the reason and significance of the topic, At the same time, the research ideas and methods of this paper are determined. The first part is the background and predicament of the literacy campaign in Tongren in 50s. This part mainly introduces the background of the literacy campaign in Tongren and the process of its implementation. Part two: the establishment of a leading agency for the top-down literacy campaign. This part is mainly about the purpose of carrying out the literacy campaign better. A series of regular literacy institutions and temporary literacy organizations have been established. It ensures the effective implementation of the literacy campaign during this period. Part three: the teaching materials and contents of literacy are closely related to the actual situation. This part mainly discusses the efforts of the Tongren region in 1950s to carry out a better literacy campaign. Under the guidance of the central government, the teaching materials and teaching contents are compiled in combination with the characteristics of the local people and the needs of production and life. Part 4th: the formation and training of literacy teachers. This part mainly discusses Tongren. In order to launch a literacy campaign, How to set up and train literacy teachers on a large scale and set up a contingent of teachers in line with socialist construction. Part 5th: teaching methods and means adapted to local conditions. Part 6th: various forms of financing channels and standardized management system. This part mainly describes the Tongren area in 1950s under the leadership of the government. There are many different ways of raising funds and gradually standardized management system. The effect and enlightenment of 7th parts of the campaign of literacy in Tongren area in 50s of 20 ~ (th) century. This part mainly summarizes the results of the literacy campaign in Tongren area in 1950s. Through the full text discussion, summarized the experience, provided the reference and the enlightenment for the new period adult education.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K27

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