清末安徽农业改革（1895-1911）

发布时间：2018-03-11 00:03

本文选题：清末　切入点：安徽　出处：《安徽大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国自古以农立国,农业生产高度发达。鸦片战争以后,中国遭遇“数千年未有之变局”,整个社会的发展态势发生了深刻的变化,加之战乱、灾害、政府搜刮等因,传统的农业生产日趋衰退。与此同时,清政府难以应对列强发动的侵略战争,频频赔款割地,丧权辱国,民族危机日渐加深。到了19世纪末20世纪初,接连发生的甲午战争和八国联军侵华战争,不仅进一步激化了民族危机,而且大大加重了清政府的财政危机。为了缓解空前严重的民族危机,扭转农业发展的颓势,增加政府收入,清政府从1895年开始注重采用西方先进的方法技术来发展农业。特别是1898年的戊戌变法和1901年开始的“新政”,清政府在“参酌中西政要”的基础上,出台了一系列旨在革新农业生产、振兴农业经济的法令和举措,谕令全国各地切实执行。安徽政府对这些法令和举措的执行和贯彻较为认真,对安徽农业的发展与进步产生了较为深刻的影响。本文分为四大部分：第一部分是绪论部分,主要内容包括选题旨趣与学术前史、研究年限的界定、研究意义、研究方法、研究内容以及史料来源。第二部分是农业改革的背景分析,即正文的第一章。安徽政府之所以进行农业改革,首先与安徽农业当时的发展状况分不开。安徽农业自从太平军进入安徽之后遭到极大的破坏；而农业生产技术水平的低下,也致使农业生产萎缩。同时,由于鸦片的泛滥,安徽境内的罂粟种植快速扩展,占用了大量的农田和农力。不过,在外国资本主义经济的入侵下,安徽某些商品性农业经济有了一定的发展,而某些商品性农业经济却出现了困境,生产倒退。其次与清政府的态度分不开。清政府从1895年开始不断的饬令和督促各地督抚振兴农业,大力发展农业生产。第三部分是农业改革的具体举措,即正文的第二章至第四章。在清政府的饬令下,安徽政府根据安徽农业的发展状况,首先设立专门的农政机构以提倡和督导农业生产。并根据安徽荒山荒地较多这一情况,大力开展清查荒地、鼓励垦荒、推广经济作物的种植以及倡办农垦公司等改革举措,努力振兴农业生产。为了联合社会,开通风气,安徽政府支持创办了农会。同时,大力兴修水利,严厉禁种罂粟。为了改进农业生产技术,开拓利源,安徽政府还培养新式的农业技术人才试验和研究近代农业科技,并引进先进的农业生产技术和农业作物。第四部分是辨证看待农业改革,总结农业改革的成效与局限。安徽农业改革前后持续了十几年,确实取得了一定的成效,推动了安徽农业的进步与发展。但是在这过程中也存在诸多制约因素,导致改革的成效有限,无法取得更大的成绩。
[Abstract]:China is an old agricultural country, agricultural production is highly developed. After the Opium War, Chinese suffered unprecedented change in the situation ", has undergone profound changes, the development trend of the whole society and war, disaster and other plunder by the government, the traditional agricultural production declined. At the same time, the Qing government to deal with the war of aggression powers launched, frequently claim territory, humiliating, the national crisis deepened. By the end of nineteenth Century and early twentieth Century, a spate of Sino Japanese War and Allied invasion of China, not only further intensified the national crisis, but also greatly increase the financial crisis of the Qing government. In order to alleviate the unprecedented national crisis, reversing the decline of agricultural development, increase government revenue, the Qing government from 1895 began to focus on the use of western advanced technology for agricultural development. Especially in 1898 the reform movement of 1898 and the beginning of the 1901" New Deal ", the Qing government based on" based on Chinese and Western politicians, unveiled a series of reform of agricultural production, the revitalization of the agricultural economy laws and measures, request to execute orders throughout the country. The government of Anhui on these laws and measures of execution and implementation more seriously, on Anhui agricultural industry development and progress has a profound effect this paper is divided into four parts:
The first part is the introduction. The main contents include the definition and research history, the definition of research years, research significance, research methods, research contents and sources of historical data.
The second part is the analysis of the background of the reform of agriculture, which is the first chapter of the text. The government of Anhui's agricultural reforms, first with the development conditions of Anhui agriculture inseparable. Anhui agriculture since the Taiping army into Anhui has been greatly damaged; and the production technology of agricultural water level is low, resulting in shrinking agricultural production. At the same time. Due to the spread of opium poppy cultivation in Anhui Province, the rapid expansion, occupy a lot of farmland and farm power. However, the invasion of foreign capitalist economy, Anhui some commercial agriculture economy has a certain development, and some commercial agriculture economy has appeared in the production difficulties, and the Qing government's second setback. Attitude inseparable. The Qing government began to urge the governors and the revitalization of agriculture from 1895, to develop agricultural production.
The third part is the specific measures of agricultural reform, the body of the second chapter to the fourth chapter. The Qing government ordered by the government of Anhui, according to the development of agriculture in Anhui, the first to promote agricultural production and supervision set up agricultural specialized institutions. And according to the situation of Anhui barren wasteland more, vigorously carry out the inventory of land, encourage reclamation and the spread of economic crops and promote do farm companies reform initiatives, efforts to revitalize the agricultural production. In order to society, open atmosphere, the support of the government of Anhui founded farmers'association. At the same time, vigorously building water conservancy projects, ban opium poppy sharply. In order to improve agricultural production technology, develop Liyuan, Anhui government also cultivate new talent in agricultural technology test and study of modern agricultural science and technology, and the introduction of advanced agricultural technologies and agricultural crops.
The fourth part is the dialectical view on agricultural reform, summarizes the achievements and limitations of agricultural reform. Anhui agricultural reform lasted for more than ten years, and has achieved some success, to promote the progress and development of agriculture in Anhui. But there are also many restricting factors in the process, resulting in limited effectiveness of the reform, to make greater achievements.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K252;F329

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