旅顺、威海卫建港与北洋水师

发布时间：2018-03-13 07:04

本文选题：旅顺　切入点：威海卫　出处：《西北大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自2011年至今,南海问题不断升级,越南、菲律宾非法侵占我国南海岛屿,南海问题在这两年时间内都牵动国人心弦,越南、菲律宾不顾历史事实,非法侵占南海岛屿,中国的海防问题逐渐显现出来。我国有漫长的海岸线,自鸦片战争之后,海防问题一直是中国国防安全中重要的一环。海防安则国家安,第二次鸦片战争之后,清政府也清楚地认识到了这个问题,随后便积极筹建海防。在此过程中最大的成就即是北洋水师的建立和旅顺、威海卫军港的建成。本文针对19世纪中期之后清政府内部存在的海防与塞防之争,用李鸿章和左宗棠的争议言论证明当时海防建设已经迫在眉睫。同时也对李鸿章所持观点给予了客观评价,指出了其“海防”思想的进步性与局限性。本文通过对旅顺、威海卫建港的原因分析,认为选择两地建港不仅有地理条件的优势,同时还有历史继承。旅顺、威海卫都位于环渤海附近,既可满足西卫京师,北顾满族发源地辽东的目的,又有水面深阔,四季不冻的良好条件；同时,从明朝开始,旅顺、威海卫两地就已经作为停泊船只的港口使用,具有较长的沿用历史。因此,在旅顺、威海卫建港,就成为当时的不二选择。文章还重点介绍了两港的兴建过程与规模,北洋水师的组建与装备等。旅顺港经过两期建设而成,并拥有一座大型船坞；威海卫港的建设相对顺利。以两港为基地组建了北洋水师,再通过购买军舰,初步装备起了一支具备一定战斗力的海军。海防建设初见成效。北洋水师的建立以及两大海军基地建成后,曾对捍卫国家的海疆安全发挥了一定作用,不仅对日本产生了威慑,也对俄国在中国东北的扩张起到了一定的遏制作用,产生了一定的国际影响力。
[Abstract]:Since 2011, the South China Sea issue has been continuously escalating. Vietnam and the Philippines illegally encroached on the South China Sea islands in China. The South China Sea issue has affected the hearts of the people of the countries in the past two years. Vietnam and the Philippines have illegally occupied the South China Sea islands regardless of the historical facts. The problem of China's coastal defense has gradually emerged. China has a long coastline. Since the Opium War, the issue of coastal defense has been an important part of China's national defense security. The Qing government also recognized this problem clearly, and then made active preparations for the establishment of coastal defense. In this process, the greatest achievements were the establishment of the Beiyang Water Division and the establishment of Lushun and Weihaiwei military Port. In view of the controversy between coastal defense and defensive defense that existed within the Qing government after the middle of 19th century, this paper proves that the construction of coastal defense was imminent with the controversial remarks of Li Hongzhang and Zuo Zongtang. At the same time, it gave an objective evaluation to the views held by Li Hongzhang. The paper points out the progressiveness and limitation of his thought of "coast defense". Based on the analysis of the reasons for the construction of ports in Lushun and Weihaiwei, this paper thinks that the choice of constructing ports in both places has not only the advantage of geographical conditions, but also the historical inheritance. Both of them are located near the Bohai Sea, which can satisfy the Beijing teachers of the Western Wei. The purpose of the northern Ku Manchu nationality birthplace of Liaodong is that the water surface is deep and wide, and the four seasons are not frozen. At the same time, since the Ming Dynasty, Lushun and Weihaiwei have been used as ports for berthing ships, and have a long history of using them. In Lushun, Weihai Wei built Hong Kong, it became a choice at that time. The paper also focuses on the construction process and scale of the two ports, the establishment and equipment of the Beiyang Water Division, etc. Lushun Port has been built after two phases of construction and has a large shipyard; The construction of Weihaiwei Port was relatively smooth. Based on the two ports, the Beiyang Water Division was set up, and through the purchase of warships, a navy with a certain combat effectiveness was initially equipped. After the establishment of the Beiyang Water Division and the completion of the two major naval bases, they played a certain role in safeguarding the country's maritime security, not only as a deterrent to Japan, but also as a deterrent to Russia's expansion in northeast China. Has produced certain international influence.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K256;E255

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