“老成谋国”与“通敌卖国”：全球化视野下的汪伪通敌（1938-1945）

发布时间：2018-03-14 22:29

  本文选题：汪伪政权　切入点：通敌　出处：《南京大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自1937年七七事变至1945年日军投降,中国的抗日战争长达八年,约三分之一的国土沦于日军之手。然而,在这片地区上还居住着亿万民众,生活依旧要继续,他们的生存境况仍需要一个新政权去维护。当中国的民族主义掀起了高潮之际,沦陷区内却出现了大量的汉奸政权,如汪精卫国民政府。 1938年12月19日,汪精卫出走前往河内。12月29日,汪精卫发出《致中央常务委员会国防最高会议书》与“艳电”。1940年,在日本支那派遣军的扶持下,在南京建立以汪精卫为国民政府代主席及行政院长,周佛海、陈公博、李士群、林柏生等为主要成员的中华民国国民政府。这段复杂的被占领的屈辱历史实为中国近代史中最棘手的话题之一。汪政权的通敌并不是孤立的,不久,在纳粹铁蹄践踏下的欧洲沦陷区也成立了众多的通敌政权,如法国的维希政府,而两者在意识形态方面也有诸多的相似性。 除绪论与结语外,本文共分为三章。第一章首先分析“汉奸”一词在传统中国文化中的含义,然后梳理了清末以来盛行的“黄色种族主义”说与“大亚洲主义”说,进而从“恐共”的角度叙述汪精卫及其追随者与日共谋活动的源起乃纯洁三民主义的必要。第二章从三民主义入手,汪精卫通过把自己塑造为孙中山思想唯一正统继承人为通敌政权努力建立政治合法性,同时与法国通敌政权进行比较,将通敌行为置于更广大的跨区域视野中进行考量。第三章分析战时汪政权与其他通敌政权之间的往来,以及战后审判中汪政权对世界其他通敌政权活动的援引,说明汪政权的通敌行为在世界范围内并非独特现象。 本文从横向与纵向具体分析了汪政权主要领导人的通敌的意识形态。故在纵向上,文章自清末在中国盛行的“黄色种族主义”与“大亚洲主义”论起,进而谈及在其后的革命历程中,汪政权主要领导人思想中最基本的“恐共”思想,发掘汪精卫及其追随者投敌的思想源起；在横向上,将汪政权与其他通敌政权,尤其是法国贝当政权进行比较,指出汪的与敌共谋在二战当中并不是孤立的,将着眼点放在“民族国家”的概念对中、法两个通敌政权意识形态的影响,分析汪伪政府在宣传中如何经常以贝当政府为例,为自己的合法性提供支持。由于与敌共谋以及在沦陷区内的极权统治,在战后的审判中,这两个伪政权的合法性都被彻底否定；中国政府在审判汪伪政府的过程中借用了审判贝当一案,不仅增强了贝当政权作为一个通敌符号的国际影响力,同时也赋予“汉奸”一词以新的意义。 长期以来中国人笔下的抗战史,基本都在强调“抵抗与苦难”的“国族主义”式非黑即白的二元化论述。对于沦陷区内的通敌情况,不是忽略,便是后见之明的道德判断,而缺少设身处地的理解。而本文则试图将汪的通敌行径置于一种更广的历史语境中去讨论并重新理解,对二元化的国族主义史观加以修正,冷静而客观地分析通敌问题,在全球化视野下给予通敌行为一种多元化的视角考察。
[Abstract]:From 1937 77 to 1945 incident to surrender the Japanese Chinese war for eight years, about 1/3 of the land into the hands of the Japanese. However, in this area is inhabited by hundreds of millions of people, life goes on, their survival situation still needs a new regime to maintain. When Chinese nationalism the climax of the occasion, the occupied zone appeared a large number of traitors regime, such as the national government of Wang Jingwei.
In December 19, 1938, Wang Jingwei went to Hanoi.12 on Sept. 29, Wang Jingwei issued by the Standing Committee of the national defense "and" the Supreme Council Book of Yan electric.1940, in Japan, China expeditionary army support, established by Wang Jingwei for the national government on behalf of the chairman and the president, Zhou Fohai, Chen Gongbo, Li Shiqun in Nanjing, Lin Baisheng as the main the members of the national government of the Republic of China. One of the most difficult topic of this complex is occupied by the history of humiliation is China in modern history. Soon the Wang regime of collaboration is not isolated, and in Europe under the cruel oppression of Nazi occupied areas have also established numerous collaborators regime, such as the French Vichy government, and two in the the ideology also has many similarities.
Besides the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter analyzes the "traitor" in the traditional China culture meaning, then combed since the end of the Qing Dynasty popular "yellow racism" and "great Asianism", and from "the origin of fear is necessary to" point of view and narrative of Wang Jingwei on the activities of the followers and conspiracy is pure the ThreePrinciples. The second chapter starts from the principles, by Wang Jingwei himself as the only legitimate heir of Sun Zhongshan thought with the regime to establish political legitimacy, and compared with the French collaborationist regime, the collaboration in the field of cross regional wider considerations. In the third chapter the analysis of Wang's regime and other collaboration power exchanges, and the trial of postwar regime Wang collaborated with other activities of the world quoted that regime, in collaboration Wang regime The boundary is not a unique phenomenon.
This paper from the horizontal and vertical concrete analysis of the main leaders of the Wang regime ideology. So the collaboration in the vertical direction, the Chinese in since the end of the Qing Dynasty popular "yellow racism" and "great Asianism", and then talk about the history of the revolution, the main leaders of Wang's regime thought the most basic "fear of" thought, Wang Jingwei and his followers to explore the thought origin; on the other hand, the Wang regime and other collaborationist regime, especially the French regime compared Wang Petain, pointed out that with the enemy conspiracy during World War II and is not isolated, will focus on the concept of "nation" in the two treason the impact of ideology regime, analysis of Wang puppet government in the propaganda of how often to Petain government as an example, to provide support for their own legitimacy. Due to the enemy conspiracy and totalitarian rule in the occupied zone, in the war After the trial, the legitimacy of the two puppet regime was completely negative; Chinese government borrowed the trial of Bedan during the trial of Wang puppet government in one case, not only enhances the Bedan regime as a symbol with international influence, but also give a "traitor" is a word with a new meaning.
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