清中期以后京杭大运河衰落对运河地区城乡经济的影响

发布时间：2018-03-16 15:26

本文选题：大运河　切入点：城乡经济　出处：《四川省社会科学院》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：清朝是中国历史上最后一个封建王朝,它处于我国从传统社会向近代社会转型的重要时期。以1840年的鸦片战争为界,清代前期经历了封建社会的最后一个盛世——康乾盛世;鸦片战争后,中国遭受西方资本主义列强的侵略,逐步进入半殖民地半封建社会。这导致中国经济社会的剧变,此种变化不是在一种和平环境下有序进行的,战争、动乱、灾害各种影响社会正常发展的因素在近代中国此起彼伏。中国传统的经济社会体系渐趋瓦解,被列强用武力强行纳入世界资本主义体系的中国,开始了艰难的近代化历程。京杭运河自隋代开通之后,虽然路线几经变迁,但是历代朝廷无不极其重视大运河的维护疏浚,这是因为运河承担着漕运——这一维系王朝正常运转的重要活动。自隋至清,无不如此。清代前期,为了维持漕运的需要,清政府不惜耗费巨资,对京杭运河精心维护,以保证王朝生命线的畅通。在漕运的带动下,大运河商贸兴旺,由此带动运河沿线地区城乡经济的发展,使运河沿线的城乡经济一派繁荣景象。清代中期以后,漕粮改行海运,再加上黄河决口、战争等原因,运河渐趋衰落。随着轮船、火车等近代交通工具的使用,京杭运河在经历前期的兴盛之后,最终被铁路和海运所取代。京杭大运河的衰落对沿线城乡经济产生了巨大的影响。某些曾经繁华一时的运河城市从此一蹶不振;有些城市经历短暂的衰落后,重新振兴并发展成颇具规模的近代都市;有的城市则进行着缓慢的近代化历程。运河衰落对沿运河地区的乡村、小城镇的经济也产生了深远的影响。本文旨在研究清中期以后京杭大运河衰落对沿岸地区城乡经济的影响,其中包括城乡经济的新变化、城市衰落的表现及原因探析。通过对京杭大运河衰落对沿岸地区城乡经济的影响的研究,对运河城市的近代化转型能提出一点自己的见解,并希望本文对当今交通干线建设与沿线城乡经济互动发展方面,有一定的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:The Qing Dynasty was the last feudal dynasty in Chinese history, which was in the important period of transition from the traditional society to the modern society in China. With the Opium War in 1840 as the boundary, the early Qing Dynasty experienced the last prosperous period of the feudal society-Kangqian prosperous period; After the Opium War, China was invaded by Western capitalist powers and gradually entered a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. This led to dramatic changes in China's economy and society, which did not take place in an orderly manner in a peaceful environment. In modern China, the traditional economic and social system of China gradually disintegrated, and China, which was forcibly brought into the world capitalist system by the powers by force, began a difficult process of modernization. Since the opening of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal in the Sui Dynasty, although the route has changed several times, the imperial courts of all dynasties have attached great importance to the maintenance and dredging of the Grand Canal, which is because the Canal undertakes the important activities of water transportation, which keeps the dynasty running normally. From the Sui to the Qing dynasties, In the early Qing Dynasty, in order to maintain the need of water transportation, the Qing government did not hesitate to expend a great deal of money to maintain the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal meticulously, so as to ensure the smooth flow of the dynasty's lifeline. Led by the canal transportation, the Grand Canal was prosperous in commerce and commerce. This led to the development of the urban and rural economy along the canal, which made the urban and rural economy along the canal prosperous. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the grain was diverted to sea transportation, together with the Yellow River crevasse, the war, and so on, and the canal gradually declined. The use of modern means of transportation such as trains, the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, after its early prosperity, was eventually replaced by railways and sea transportation. The decline of the Grand Canal has had a great impact on the urban and rural economy along the route. Some cities are undergoing a slow process of modernization. The decline of the canal is directed against the villages along the canal. The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of the decline of the Grand Canal on the urban and rural economy in coastal areas since the middle of Qing Dynasty, including the new changes in urban and rural economy. Based on the study of the impact of the decline of the Grand Canal on the urban and rural economy along the coast, this paper puts forward some opinions on the modernization of the canal city. It is hoped that this paper can be used for reference in the interactive development of traffic trunk construction and urban and rural economy along the route.
【学位授予单位】：四川省社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K252

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