新瓶旧酒:民初长芦盐业自由贸易改革与新包商的出现

发布时间：2018-03-20 00:03

  本文选题：食盐专卖　切入点：盐务改革　出处：《近代史研究》2017年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在新制度推行中,人们往往难以摆脱以往制度运行中所形成的认知和经验的影响,从而倾向于利用原有的行为逻辑和观念习性来应对新情形。民国初年被视为中国盐务近代化的长芦盐业自由贸易改革,其运作过程实际上反映的是近代新旧制度、东西方思想之间的博弈与互动。来自英国的丁恩试图将西方"自由竞争"的经济理念带入中国盐业以增加中央政府盐税收入,但在长期专商垄断、官商勾结的中国盐政体制下,这一改革主张并未能轻易达成。事实上,以张弧为首的中国官员与商人,利用前清盐业旧制的逻辑来包装新政策,借自由贸易之名,行包商垄断之实。他们先是通过颁发贩盐特许证的形式,使"自由贸易"在表面上得以开展,又以租办方式私下从旧商手中垄断特许证,并通过组织长利公司进行经营,成为新包商,"包揽转运之利"。
[Abstract]:In the implementation of the new system, people often find it difficult to get rid of the influence of cognition and experience formed in the operation of the previous system. In the early period of the Republic of China, it was regarded as the free trade reform of Changlu salt industry in China, and its operation process actually reflected the new and old systems in modern times. The game and interaction between the East and the West. Ding, from Britain, tried to bring the western economic concept of "free competition" into China's salt industry in order to increase the central government's salt tax revenue, but under China's salt policy system, which had long been monopolized by special business and colluded by officials and businessmen, In fact, Chinese officials and businessmen, led by Zhang Gong, used the old logic of the salt industry in the former Qing Dynasty to package new policies in the name of free trade. The monopoly of bank contractors. First, they make "free trade" appear to be carried out by issuing salt concession cards, and they privately monopolize licences from old merchants through leasing, and they operate through the organization of profit-making companies. Become a new contractor, "all the benefits of transhipment."
【作者单位】： 中国社会科学院近代史研究所;
【分类号】：K258
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本文编号：1636595