中国工程师学会研究（1912-1950）

发布时间：2018-03-20 09:33

本文选题：中华工程师学会　切入点：中国工程学会　出处：《复旦大学》2011年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文主要研究对象为中国工程师学会。中国工程师学会成立于1912年,结束于1950年,历时近四十年,基本贯穿了整个中华民国时期；学会结束时有会员一万六千余人、团体会员一百多个、各地分会五十个以上,是中国近代人数最多、规模最大的科学技术团体；学会由詹天佑、颜德庆等中国最早的职业工程师创立,并长期接受凌鸿勋、茅以升等著名工程师的领导,是近代职业工程师的集合,发挥着工程师“民间领袖”的功能；学会组织工程师开展学术交流、技术合作,为中国近代工程学术的发展和工程技术的进步做出了重要贡献。本文在充分掌握中国工程师学会原始档案和相关资料的前提下,力图对学会进行了全面、深入的研究。首先,挖掘中国工程师学会创立的历史背景：一方面追溯近代“工程学”知识与技术在西方的产生及传入中国的过程,另一方面重现“职业工程师”在近代中国的诞生及其群体的壮大过程。其次,梳理中国工程师学会的历史沿革：按照“中华工程师学会时期”、“中国工程学会时期”、“中国工程师学会统一时期”、“抗战时期及战后的中国工程师学会”的顺序重新梳理学会复杂的历史沿革,展现学会曲折的发展历程和独特的历史轨迹。再次,分析中国工程师学会的组织与运作：通过对学会的“组织架构”、“会员资格”、“领导群体”等要素的研究,分析学会的组织与制度演变及其对学会发展的影响；通过对“制约学会发展的经费问题”的讨论,了解学会在实际运作过程中所受到的制约及解决途径；通过对学会历届“年会”的梳理,归纳“年会”演变特点,讨论学会社会功能发挥的实际效果。最后,总结中国工程师学会的历史贡献：主要从“工程学研究与工程知识普及”、“工程教育与工程人才培养”、“工程学术与技术规范明确”以及“工业材料试验”四个方面进行概括,这四项工作实际上包含在学会各时期确立的“宗旨”里,也是学会在发展过程中始终坚持的。这些工作为中国近代工程事业的起步和发展打下了坚实的基础。在结论部分,笔者对“中国工程师学会与政府的关系”、“中国工程师学会与其他专门工程学会的关系”、“中国工程师学会与工程师群体的关系”三种关系进行讨论,将学会放置在其所处的社会关系网络中,以形成对学会社会角色的客观定位。作为近代产生最早、人数最多、影响最大的综合性工程学术团体,中国工程师学会为中国近代工程事业的起步和发展做出了重要贡献,其历史地位和历史意义不容忽视。
[Abstract]:The main research object of this paper is the Chinese Institution of Engineers. The Chinese Institution of Engineers was founded on 1912 and ended on 1950, which lasted for nearly 40 years, and basically ran through the whole period of the Republic of China. At the end of the society, there were more than 16,000 members. With more than 100 group members and more than 50 local chapters, the society is the largest and largest scientific and technological organization in modern China. The society was founded by Zhan Tianyou, Yan Deqing and other earliest professional engineers in China and accepted Ling Hongxun for a long time. The leadership of famous engineers, such as Mao Yisheng, is a collection of modern professional engineers, playing the role of "civil leaders" of engineers, and the society organizes engineers to carry out academic exchanges and technical cooperation. It has made important contribution to the development of Chinese modern engineering science and the progress of engineering technology. On the premise of fully mastering the original archives and related materials of the Chinese Institution of Engineers, this paper tries to make a comprehensive and in-depth study on the Society. First of all, the historical background of the establishment of the Chinese Institution of Engineers is explored: on the one hand, the process of the emergence and introduction of modern "engineering" knowledge and technology into China is traced back to the West. On the other hand, the birth of "professional engineer" in modern China and the growing process of group. Secondly, Combing the Historical Evolution of the Chinese Institution of Engineers: according to the order of "the period of the Chinese Society of Engineers", "the period of the Chinese Society of Engineering", "the Unification period of the Chinese Institution of Engineers", "the Chinese Institution of Engineers during the War of Resistance against Japan and after the War of War" Combing the complex history of learning, Show the tortuous course of development and unique historical track. Thirdly, it analyzes the organization and operation of the Chinese Institution of Engineers: through the study of the "organizational structure", "membership", "leadership group" and so on, analyzes the evolution of the organization and system of the Institute and its influence on the development of the Institute; Through the discussion of "the problem of funds restricting the development of the Institute", we can understand the constraints and solutions encountered by the Institute in the course of its actual operation, sum up the characteristics of the evolution of the "Annual meeting" by combing the past "Annual meetings" of the Institute. This paper discusses the practical effect of learning social function. Finally, This paper summarizes the historical contributions of the Chinese Institution of Engineers: "Engineering Research and Engineering knowledge Popularization", "Engineering Education and Engineering Talent training", "Engineering academic and Technical specifications clear" and "Industrial material testing". These four works are actually included in the "aim" established by the Institute in various periods, and they have always been adhered to in the course of development of the Institute, which laid a solid foundation for the start and development of the cause of engineering in modern China. In the conclusion part, the author discusses the relationship between the Chinese Institution of Engineers and the Government, the relationship between the Chinese Institution of Engineers and other Special Engineering Societies, and the relationship between the Chinese Institution of Engineers and the Group of Engineers. In order to form the objective orientation of the social role of the society, learning is placed in its social network. As the earliest, the largest and most influential comprehensive engineering academic group in modern times, the Chinese Institution of Engineers has made important contributions to the start and development of modern engineering in China, and its historical status and significance should not be ignored.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K265.9

【引证文献】