中法越南交涉中的文化冲突

发布时间：2018-03-23 09:28

本文选题：越南交涉　切入点：文化冲突　出处：《广西师范大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 中法战争是中国近代历史上的重大事件,也是中越关系史上的一件大事。战争前后,中法两国围绕越南的主权、地位等问题展开了一系列的外交活动。其间既有和平的谈判,又有武力的争夺;既有公开的厮杀,也有暗中的较劲;既有面对面的辩论,又有在异地遥控的争执;既有自己出面争权,又有请人为己谈判。奇异纷呈,不一而足。外交是一个国家政治的组成部分,外交手段和理念体现着一个国家的实力和文化价值观。本文以中法越南交涉中的外交活动为主要考察对象,透视近代东西两种文化的碰撞、摩擦与冲突的动态过程,从文化的视角探讨近代中越宗藩关系的发展脉络及其影响因素。中越宗藩关系建立在两国对儒家文化及其价值观认同的基础之上,是中国传统的儒家思想在对外关系方面的延伸。在宗藩关系形成与发展的过程中,儒家文化扮演了重要的角色。秦汉开始,儒家文化从中原向边隅流布,推动了越南的文明进程,越南对中原王朝的向心力与日俱增;北宋以降,儒家文化成为越南的立国之基,中越之间的宗藩关系确立,朝贡制度走向鼎盛;中法战争前,中越间的朝贡与册封频繁,新形势下宗藩关系得到巩固,成为联结两国共同抗法的纽带。秉承古希腊、古罗马文化源流的法兰西文化,属于西方文化体系的一个部分,与东方典型的儒家文化格格不入。在东西方接触日益频繁、加剧以后,两种文化的碰撞和摩擦势所难免。在近代资本主义殖民浪潮下,法国将东方的越南作为其侵略和扩张的对象。19世纪60年代,法国已经占领了越南南圻。进入70年代,法国用武力逼迫越南签订了《越法和平同盟条约》,以此来否定中越宗藩关系。接着出兵北圻,目的是吞并全越,建立起保护国制度,作为侵略中国西南的跳板。越南危如累卵,中越间古老的宗藩关系受到严峻的挑战。面对越南的反复求援,清政府开始就保藩问题同法国交涉。中法两国交涉的要点是越南的主权与地位问题,文化冲突贯穿始终,宗藩权与保护权之争是其核心,宗藩制度与保护国制度之争是文化冲突的主要体现。此外,差序包容与主权平等、以和为贵与以利为先的差异,也是导致中法文化冲突的原因。在越南问题的交涉中,中法文化冲突表现为一个动态过程。它从两种文化发生碰撞开始,碰撞引起摩擦,摩擦扩大冲突,以致外交活动跌宕起伏,谈判桌上唾沫飞扬,明争暗斗,进而左右战事,影响政局。在宗藩关系下,作为“上国”的清朝对属国的沦陷不能坐视不管;在国力衰落的情况下,清政府选择默认黑旗军抗法以“曲线保藩”。之后,应越南政府邀请,清政府借“剿匪”之名,派兵入越履行保藩之职。中法越南交涉的序幕于1875年由罗淑亚的照会揭开,尔后,曾纪泽在异域的交涉,李鸿章分别与宝海、脱利古、福禄诺、巴德诺的谈判,无一不与文化冲突有关。文化冲突愈演愈烈,战争时起时落,说明战争并不能弥合文化冲突。最终,中法交涉以《中法新约》签订,法国占领全越,中越宗藩关系被割断而落幕。从更深层方面剖析,这场政治、外交、军事的斗争是东西两种文化冲突与较量的结果。
[Abstract]:The Sino French war was a major event in the history of modern Chinese, but also the relationship between China and Vietnam in the history of a major event. Before and after the war, the two countries on Vietnam's sovereign status, issues such as a series of diplomatic activities. Which include peace talks, and force for; there are both public battles, also secretly the rivalry; both face-to-face debate, and in the remote remote control has its own right to dispute;, and please people for negotiations. Strange scene, this is not the only one.
Diplomacy is an integral part of the country's political and diplomatic means and idea reflects the strength of a country and cultural values. In this paper, the Sino French diplomatic activities in the negotiations as the main object of study, the collision of two kinds of culture perspective of modern things, dynamic friction and conflict in the process of development in modern China and its impact factors vassal relations from the perspective of culture.
Based on the recognition of Confucian culture and its values in the two countries between China and Vietnam, is an extension of the traditional Confucianism Chinese in foreign relations. In the process of the formation and development of the vassal relations, Confucian culture has played an important role. The Qin and Han Dynasties, Ru Jiawen spread from the central Plains to the corner edge, promote Vietnam's civilization, Vietnam grow with each passing day on the Central Plains centripetal force; Song Dynasties, the Confucian culture became the foundation for Vietnam's founding, establishing the vassal relations between China and Vietnam, the tributary system reached its peak; before the Sino French war, Vietnam tributary canonized and frequent, under the new situation of vassal relations have been consolidated, become a link join the two together against the law.
Adhering to the ancient Greece, the ancient Rome cultural origin of French culture, a part of western culture, Confucian culture and Oriental classic misfits. After the West contacts have become increasingly frequent, intensified, collision and friction force of two kinds of culture unavoidably. In modern capitalist colonial era, France will be the East Vietnam as the invasion and expansion in.19 century 60s, France has occupied the south of Vietnam. In 70s, France by force of Vietnam signed "the peace treaty of alliance", in order to deny the suzerain vassal relations. Then sent troops to the North Qi, the purpose is to establish the annexation of the whole country, the protection system, as a springboard China southwest. Vietnam invaded the ancient vassal relations at stake, Vietnam is a challenge facing Vietnam repeatedly for help, the Qing government began to negotiate with France in order to protect tributary.
The Sino French negotiations is the points of Vietnam's sovereignty and status, cultural conflicts throughout, Fanquan cases and protection of rights is the core of the suzerain vassal system and the protection system of dispute is mainly reflected in the cultural conflict. In addition, differential inclusion and sovereign equality, harmony and interests first, is also the cause of Sino French cultural conflict. On the issue of Vietnam, Sino French cultural conflict is a dynamic process. It starts from two culture collision, collision caused by friction, friction and expand the conflict, so that the diplomatic activities of ups and downs, the table on the fly, infighting, and then about the war, political influence.
Under the suzerain vassal relations, as "the country" in the fall of the Qing Dynasty vassal state can not sit idly by; in the national decline situation, the Qing government against the law to choose the default flag "curve Paul fan". After that, the invitation of the Vietnamese government, the government of the Qing Dynasty by the "bandits", sent troops into Vietnam to ensure fan post. Prelude to the Sino French negotiation opened, in 1875 by Luo Shuya and Zeng Jize note, in foreign negotiations, Li Hongzhang and Bao Hai, tricou Froude, Nobel, bud talks, a culture and cultural conflict. The conflict intensified, and the war, that war does not bridge the cultural conflict finally, the negotiation between China and France signed the Sino French new to < >, the French occupied the whole of the suzerain vassal relations were severed and ended. The analysis from the deeper, the political, diplomatic, military struggle is what two kinds of cultural conflict and the results of the contest.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K256

【相似文献】