19世纪70年代列强的矛盾纠葛与日本侵台问题的“解决”

发布时间：2018-03-25 21:16

本文选题：列强矛盾　切入点：日本侵台事件　出处：《辽宁师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：台湾自古以来就是中国的神圣领土，数千年来，虽然朝代更迭，政权变换，但这一事实从未改变。然而，到了晚清时代，随着国运的衰颓和一次次对外战争的失利，列强虎视眈眈，台湾越发陷入危急之中。与清朝的衰颓相反，日本经明治维新迅速走上了发展资本主义的道路，逐渐由弱变强，并确定了“跃进海外、雄飞大陆”的扩张政策，其首要目标就是琉球、朝鲜与中国的台湾。1874年，日本以“琉球船难民事件”和“小田县漂民事件”为由发兵侵台，敲响了近代日本侵略中国之警钟。然而，，此时以英国为首的列强在台湾拥有巨大的商业利益，日本悍然出兵必将打破这种利益的平衡，所以，列强对日本侵台事件极为关注。于是，日本“侵台事件”从一开始就夹杂着英、美、俄、德、西等国的影子，更重要的是列强在很大程度上影响了事件的发生、发展和结局。其实，刚刚走上资本主义发展道路的日本就敢发兵台湾，挑战中国，与美国在背后的鼓动是有很大关系的。最初，美国用各种手法来怂恿日本侵台，扮演了一个不光彩的角色。然而，随着战局的演变和国际、国内等多方面因素的影响，美国根据自己国家利益的需要，改变了其原有的政策，转而在中日之间居中调停，企图捞取利益，实现自己的战略意图。当时的世界霸主英国在台湾有着巨大的商业利益。日军进犯台湾，无疑会侵犯到英国在台的商务，因此，英国不希望日本改变现状，为此，其公使在中日两国之间积极调停，力求避免战争。此外，当日本出兵台湾的消息传出后，德国、法国、俄国、西班牙等国政府也强调台湾属中国领土，向日本提出质问并反对其发动军事行动，还禁止本国商民受雇参与侵台之事。清政府亦调兵遣将，派沈葆桢赴台备战，这都对日本的侵台计划造成了一定的打击。就在日本侵台的同时，我国西北、西南几乎同时出现了边疆危机，清政府顾此失彼，难以应付。而日本在国际上陷入孤立，自身实力并不充足。于是，在列强“调停”和中日相持的大背景下，两国相互妥协，签订《北京专条》，明确台湾为中国领土，日本撤军、清政府赔款，日本侵台事件暂告解决。以英国为首的欧美列强实现了自己的目的，不仅维护了英国的原有利益，还乘机获取了更大的新利益。中日《北京专条》的签订，使得日本得以体面退兵，对日本国力发展的蒸蒸日上的势头是一个促进，并为日后日本同欧美列强开展平等的外交奠定了良好的基础。但是，表述模糊的条款给清政府带来了无穷的后患，为日本以后更加肆无忌惮地入侵中国埋下了祸患，同时也助长了列强的侵华野心，所以，对清政府来说堪称是一次外交的失败。百余年前的日本“侵台事件”，应成为中日两国所有热爱和平的人民的警示之钟，醒世之篇，在正视历史的基础上加强合作与竞争，追求共赢。
[Abstract]:Taiwan has been a sacred territory of China since ancient times. For thousands of years, although the dynasties and regimes have changed, this fact has never changed. However, in the late Qing Dynasty, with the decline of the state and the defeat of foreign wars, As the powers watched covetously, Taiwan was increasingly in crisis. Contrary to the decline and decay of the Qing Dynasty, Japan quickly embarked on the path of developing capitalism through the Meiji Restoration, gradually changing from weak to strong, and determined the expansion policy of "leaping overseas and flying to the mainland", the primary goal of which was Ryukyu. Korea and China's Taiwan. In 1874, Japan attacked Taiwan on the grounds of "the Ryukyu boat refugee incident" and "the floating people incident in Oita Prefecture", which sounded the alarm of Japanese aggression against China in modern times. However, at this time, the Great Powers headed by Britain had huge commercial interests in Taiwan, and Japan's blatant troops would certainly upset the balance of such interests. Therefore, the powers were extremely concerned about the Japanese invasion of Taiwan. From the beginning, Japan's "invasion of Taiwan" was mixed with the shadow of Britain, the United States, Russia, Germany and the West, and, more importantly, the great powers affected the occurrence, development and outcome of the incident to a great extent. As a matter of fact, Japan, which had just embarked on the path of capitalist development, dared to send troops to Taiwan and challenge China, which had much to do with the United States' agitation behind the scenes. At first, the United States used various methods to encourage Japan to invade Taiwan. However, with the evolution of the war situation and the influence of various factors, such as international and domestic factors, the United States changed its original policy according to its own national interests and instead mediated between China and Japan. We are trying to gain profits and realize our own strategic intentions. At that time, the overlord of the world, Britain, had enormous commercial interests in Taiwan. If the Japanese army invaded Taiwan, it would undoubtedly invade British business in Taiwan. Therefore, Britain did not want Japan to change the status quo. For this reason, its minister actively mediated between China and Japan. Try to avoid war. In addition, when the news of Japan sending troops to Taiwan came out, the governments of Germany, France, Russia, Spain, and other countries also stressed that Taiwan was part of Chinese territory, and challenged Japan and opposed its military action. The Qing government also deployed troops to send Shen Baozhen to Taiwan to prepare for the war, all of which dealt a blow to Japan's plans to invade Taiwan. At the same time when Japan invaded Taiwan, there was a border crisis almost simultaneously in the northwest and southwest of China, and the Qing government was unable to cope with it because of its neglect of one another. But Japan was isolated internationally and its own strength was not sufficient. Against the background of the "mediation" of the powers and the Sino-Japanese confrontation, the two countries compromised each other and signed the "Beijing Special Article" to make it clear that Taiwan is Chinese territory, that Japan has withdrawn its troops, and that the Qing government has made reparations. The European and American powers, led by Britain, realized their purpose, not only safeguarding the original interests of Britain, but also taking advantage of the opportunity to gain greater new interests. The signing of the Sino-Japanese "Beijing special articles" enabled Japan to withdraw its troops respectfully. The growing momentum of the development of Japan's national strength was a promotion, and it laid a good foundation for Japan's future diplomacy with the European and American powers on an equal footing. The vague expression of the articles brought endless trouble to the Qing government, which laid the scourge for Japan's further wanton invasion of China, and at the same time encouraged the ambition of the foreign powers to invade China. Therefore, The "invasion of Taiwan" by Japan more than 100 years ago should serve as a warning bell for all peace-loving people of China and Japan, wake up the world, and strengthen cooperation and competition on the basis of facing up to history. The pursuit of win-win.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K256

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