传统的延续与改造：抗战时期陕甘宁边区农业劳动互助研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 23:03

本文选题：抗日战争时期　切入点：陕甘宁边区　出处：《河南大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 劳动互助是抗战时期中共在根据地进行农业生产的基本组织政策。抗战初期,陕甘宁边区延续苏区革命根据地时期的互助传统,组织群众进行集体生产,建立一批劳动互助社、耕牛合作社等互助组织,所起作用主要体现在组织开荒、扩大耕地面积和帮助抗属进行生产。因没有切实的动员农民积极参与,这些劳动互助组织并没有被农民所接受。伴随着边区的经济困难逐渐增加,自1940年起,中共及边区政府开始注重民间旧有互助对于提高农民生产热忱所起到的作用,提倡在春耕、夏耕运动中组织扎工、变工等互助组织。有了中共中央的政策支持,地方政府开始转变组织劳动互助的方式,如延安县利用民间旧有互助形式组织农民进行集体劳动,产生了很好的社会经济效益。为进一步调剂农村劳动力进行农业生产,在1942年的西北局高级干部会议上,毛泽东提出要发扬延安经验,利用民间旧有的互助方式组织农民进行集体生产。随后,毛泽东发表《组织起来》,更是大力提倡发展变工、扎工等互助组织。从1943年开始,边区各县、区组织一系列具有改造乡村社会性质的新型变工队、扎工队,实现了对根据地内部劳力、生产工具等农业生产资源的整合。相对于抗战初期的互助组织,新式互助在组织原则上,既延续了传统互助组织中的自愿、互利的原则,而且注入了民主领导原则。组织方法上,主要采取三种方式:树立劳动英雄,由劳动英雄团结和影响群众组织起来互助;各地基层干部响应党的号召,积极领导组织群众互助生产;通过帮助群众解决生产中的困难,引导群众自发的组织劳动互助。组织内容上,把劳动互助与安置移难民、抗战勤务、文化教育、乡村社会风气改造等问题结合起来,一方面促进根据地农业生产,改善农民生活;另一方面加强中共与农村各阶级之间的互动,加快根据地农村诸如二流子等社会问题的解决。通过利用群众旧有互助习惯进行互助生产,培养了农民的集体劳动观念,加强了农民与政府之间的联系,对中国革命过程产生深远影响。
[Abstract]:Mutual labor assistance was the basic organizational policy of the Communist Party of China in carrying out agricultural production in the base areas during the Anti-Japanese War. At the beginning of the War of Resistance against Japan, the Shensi-Kansu-Ningsia Border region continued the tradition of mutual assistance in the Soviet revolutionary base areas, organized the masses to carry out collective production and set up a number of labor mutual aid cooperatives. Mutual aid organizations, such as cattle cooperatives, play a major role in organizing famine, expanding the area of cultivated land and helping them to carry out production. Because farmers have not been effectively mobilized to participate actively, These labor mutual aid organizations were not accepted by the peasants. With the increasing economic difficulties in the border areas, since 1940, the Communist Party of China and the government of the border regions have begun to pay attention to the role of the old mutual aid among the people in enhancing peasants' enthusiasm for production. In the Spring ploughing and Xia Geng Movement, it is advocated to organize mutual aid organizations, such as contracting workers and changing jobs. With the policy support of the CPC Central Committee, local governments have begun to change the way in which they organize labor mutual assistance. For example, Yanan County used the old form of folk mutual assistance to organize farmers to carry out collective labor, which has produced very good social and economic benefits. In order to further adjust the rural labor force for agricultural production, in 1942, at the senior cadre meeting of the Northwest Bureau, Mao Zedong proposed to carry forward the Yan'an experience and to use the old folk mutual aid method to organize peasants to carry out collective production. Subsequently, Mao Zedong published "Organizing up", which strongly advocated the development of mutual aid organizations such as changing jobs and arranging work. Since 1943, In all counties and districts of the Border region, a series of new type of transition teams with the nature of reforming the rural society have been organized, which have brought about the integration of agricultural production resources such as labor and production tools within the base areas, as opposed to the mutual aid organizations in the early days of the War of Resistance against Japan. The new type of mutual aid not only extends the principle of voluntary and mutual benefit in the traditional mutual aid organizations, but also infuses the principle of democratic leadership. The labor heroes unite and influence the masses to organize and help each other; local grassroots cadres respond to the call of the Party and actively lead and organize the production of mutual assistance among the masses; and by helping the masses to solve their difficulties in production, Lead the masses to organize labor mutual assistance spontaneously. In the organizational content, it combines labor mutual assistance with the resettlement of refugees, the service of the War of Resistance against Japan, cultural education, and the transformation of rural social atmosphere, on the one hand, to promote agricultural production in the base areas. On the other hand, we should strengthen the interaction between the Communist Party of China and the various classes in the countryside and speed up the solution of social problems such as Erliuzi in the rural areas in the base areas. Through the use of the old habits of mutual assistance among the masses, we can carry out mutual assistance production. The concept of collective labor has been cultivated and the relationship between the peasants and the government has been strengthened, which has a profound influence on the process of Chinese revolution.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：F323.6;K265

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