“联省自治”思潮与清末民初的政治发展

发布时间：2018-04-01 00:11

本文选题：清末民初　切入点：北洋政府　出处：《徐州师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：“联省自治”思潮从清末最初出现,到1920年代形成轰轰烈烈的联省自治运动,前后经历了二十多年,其间大致可分为三个阶段。第一个阶段是伴随着清王朝封建专制的危机和资产阶级参与政治的要求,“联省自治”作为地方自治的一种形式被提出,它集中体现了社会各阶层,尤其是新兴资产阶级的反封建要求;第二阶段是针对民初袁世凯独裁统治而被再次提出,主要反映了联省自治倡导者对袁世凯独裁统治的不满。第三阶段则着眼于袁世凯死后,北洋军阀互相混战,国家分裂的局面,联省自治发展成为轰轰烈烈的社会改革运动,以期达到国家统一和政治民主。但是,联省自治作为资产阶级改良运动,由于资产阶级自身的软弱性和阶级局限性,军阀政客的操纵利用,使得联省自治一开始就带有很强的工具性和浓厚的政争色彩。它不可能消除军阀割据混战的局势,更无法完成国家统一的重大历史任务。在联省自治思潮中,从最初反对清王朝的封建统治,到民初反对袁世凯独裁,再到1920年代在“联省自治”运动中体现的“统一”和“分权”理想的破灭,集中体现了清末到民国北洋军阀时期,中国一部分先进知识分子的政治发展追求,推动了这一时期中国政治发展进程。值得关注的是,联省自治运动的失败也同时促进了马克思主义的传播及其中国化进程,这是近现代中国政治发展的重要内容。“联省自治”作为清末民初重要的资产阶级改良思潮,它曾经盛行一时。倡导这一思想的有学界精英、社会名流、军阀实力派。而联省自治盛行的1920年代也是马克思主义在中国得到广泛传播的时期,当时的马克思主义者通过对联省自治思潮和运动的批判,认识到资产阶级改良道路在中国是行不通的,从而在批判中进一步传播了马克思主义,为马克思主义中国化提供了必要的前提。
[Abstract]:The "Federalist" thought from the late Qing Dynasty first appeared in 1920s, formed the provincial autonomy movement with vigour and vitality, and after more than 20 years, which can be roughly divided into three stages. The first stage is accompanied by the Qing Dynasty feudal autocracy and the crisis of the bourgeoisie political participation, "Federalist" is presented as a form local autonomy, it embodies all sectors of society, especially the emerging bourgeoisie against feudalism; the second stage is for the Yuan Shikai dictatorship and was raised again, mainly reflects the provincial autonomy advocates dissatisfaction with the dictatorship of Yuan Shikai. The third stage is to focus on each other after the death of Yuan Shikai, the Northern Warlords melee, the situation of national division, the federated autonomy became a social reform movement with vigour and vitality, to achieve national unity and political democracy. However, the provincial autonomy as an asset Class reform movement, due to weakness and limitations of the bourgeois class itself, operated by warlords, the provincial autonomy started with strong tools and strong political colors for. It is not possible to eliminate warlords situation, unable to complete the historic task of national unity.
In the process of the federated autonomy movement, from the first against the Qing Dynasty feudal rule and the autocracy of Yuan Shikai, to the reunification in 1920s in the "Federalist" embodied in the "movement" and "decentralization" disillusionment, embodied in the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China during the period of Beiyang warlords, Chinese some advanced intellectuals of political development in pursuit. Chinese promoted the process of political development in this period.
The concern is that the failure of the federated autonomy movement and also promote the spread of the Marx doctrine and the Chinese process, this is an important content of modern political Chinese development. "The provincial autonomy" as at the end of the Qing Dynasty important bourgeois reformism, it was popular for a while. Advocated by academics. The celebrities, the warlord strength. And the provincial autonomy in 1920s is also the Marx doctrine was widely spread in the period of China, then Marx's critique of the antithetical couplet province autonomous trend and movement, recognize the bourgeois reformist path does not work in Chinese, resulting in the further spread of the criticism of the Marx doctrine, provided the necessary premise for the Marx doctrine China.

【学位授予单位】：徐州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K258

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