唐山地震救援机制研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 00:40

本文选题：唐山地震　切入点：救灾机制　出处：《山东大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：从邢台地震(1966年)到唐山地震(1976年),这一时期为中国大陆20世纪第4个地震活跃期的10年左右“高潮活动时段”。这一时期在人口稠密的东部地区以及中西部地区相继发生了多次造成人员伤亡和明显经济损失、社会影响的中强地震乃至强地震。唐山地震是中国地震史上最惨烈的城市大震灾,唐山这样一座有着百万人口的工业城市几乎完全被化为废墟,城市基本失去了自我应急能力,只有全面依靠外界的援助才能走出困境。地震发生后,党中央、国务院高度重视,立即建立起从中央到地方,至上而下,各部门通力协作的组织系统指挥抗震救灾；中国人民解放军在抢救被埋压人员、转运救灾物资、解决地震初期受灾群众的生活急需、扒挖、掩埋遇难者尸体、开展防疫防病工作等方面发挥了巨大的作用；在拒绝国外援助、全国人民大力支援的条件下妥善地解决了震后灾区群众的衣食住行等紧急问题；在积极防疫灭病创造了灾后无大疫的奇迹；通讯、电力、交通等部门,在地震后积极抢修生命线系统,为灾区恢复做出了重要的贡献。唐山地震处于“文革”末期,加上严重的灾情和震前准备不足,救灾过程极其复杂和艰难,但是终究取得了抗震救灾的胜利。地震救援中取得的经验对今天的地震救援依然有借鉴意义：强有力的救灾指挥系统以及全国人民、中国人民解,放军的支援是灾后救援的重要保障。但是唐山地震救援是在计划经济时代完成的救灾工作,在市场经济条件下,21世纪的今天,再遭遇类似的城市大震灾,.应总结唐山地震救援的不足,使地震灾害造成的损失降到最低程度,建立完善城市地震应急指挥系统,重视地震预测的作用,建筑防震依然是减少地震伤亡的重要条件,继续加强地震知识的普及。
[Abstract]:From the Xingtai earthquake (1966) to the Tangshan earthquake (1976), this period is about 10 years "high activity period" of the fourth seismicity period in the 20th century in mainland China. This period is in the densely populated eastern region and the central and western regions. There have been many casualties and obvious economic losses. Social impact of moderate earthquakes and even strong earthquakes. The Tangshan earthquake was the deadliest city in the history of the Chinese earthquake. Tangshan, an industrial city with a population of one million, was almost completely reduced to ruins, and the city basically lost its ability to respond to emergencies. Only by relying on outside help can we get out of this predicament. After the earthquake, the Party Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to it and immediately set up a system of organizations from the central to the local level, from the top to the bottom, with all departments working together to direct earthquake relief and relief; the Chinese people's Liberation Army was rescuing those buried under pressure. The transfer of disaster relief materials, the solution to the urgent needs of the people affected by the earthquake at the beginning of the earthquake, the removal of the bodies of the victims, the burial of the bodies of the victims, and the work of epidemic prevention and prevention have played a great role in the rejection of foreign assistance. Under the conditions of strong support from the people throughout the country, emergency problems such as the clothing, food, housing and transportation of the people in the disaster areas after the earthquake have been properly solved; in the active prevention of the disease, it has created a miracle of no major epidemic after the disaster; and the departments of communications, electricity, transportation, and so on, The lifeline system was repaired actively after the earthquake, which made an important contribution to the recovery of the disaster area. The Tangshan earthquake was at the end of the "Cultural Revolution", coupled with the severe disaster situation and inadequate preparation before the earthquake, and the disaster relief process was extremely complex and difficult. But after all, we have achieved victory in earthquake relief and relief. The experience gained in earthquake relief is still useful for today's earthquake rescue: a strong disaster relief command system, as well as the people of the whole country and the Chinese people, The support provided by the armed forces is an important guarantee for post-disaster relief. But the Tangshan earthquake relief work was completed in the era of planned economy. Under the conditions of the market economy, today in the 21st century, It is necessary to sum up the deficiency of earthquake rescue in Tangshan, to minimize the loss caused by earthquake disaster, to establish and perfect the urban earthquake emergency command system and to attach importance to the role of earthquake prediction. Building earthquake prevention is still an important condition to reduce earthquake casualties, and continue to strengthen the popularization of earthquake knowledge.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K27

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