甄审与反甄审:战后国共在收复区角力的转折点

发布时间：2018-04-02 12:21

本文选题：教育甄审　切入点：反甄审　出处：《江苏师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2014年05期

【摘要】：抗战胜利之初国民政府对收复区教职员及中等以上学校学生和毕业生进行的甄别审查,尽管涉及面不宽且在多方压力下草草收场,但却成为战后国共两党在收复区角力的转折点。甄审政策设计与实践中所贯穿的"正伪之辨"主题,事实上强加给甄审对象乃至整个收复区民众一种类似"国家之耻"的道德耻辱,而甄审结果与生存机会的结合,又给潜在受害者造成直接的心理打击与恐慌,故政策实施之初就激起强烈反弹。面对迅速蔓延的反抗运动,当局以变通方式勉力推进,结果不仅激化了矛盾,还暴露出政府虚与委蛇、内部失调的体制性弊端,导致公信力的丧失和政治权威根基的动摇。其间,中共地下组织利用补习班的入学便利和甄审引发的不满情绪,顺利介入反甄审运动,并按照"争取理解,培养信任,发展组织"的路线,逐步掌握了运动的领导权,成功地将战后学运从依靠政府争取合法权利引向反专制、争民主的轨道。在此基础上,中共加强舆论攻势,在国民政府心脏地带进一步扩张声势、壮大组织,为"第二条战线"准备了力量和基地。在两党力量和影响力此消彼长的过程中,国共政争之胜负已初见分晓。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the victory of the War of Resistance, the National Government carried out a screening review of the staff of the recovered areas, students and graduates of secondary schools and above, although it did not involve a wide range of areas and ended in a hasty manner under various pressures. However, it became a turning point in the struggle between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in recovering the areas after the war. The theme of "distinguishing between right and false" ran through the design and practice of the verification policy. In fact, it has imposed a kind of moral humiliation similar to "national shame" on the people of the target and even the whole recovered area, and the combination of the results of the verification and the chances of survival has caused direct psychological shock and panic to the potential victims. Therefore, at the beginning of the implementation of the policy, it aroused a strong rebound. In the face of the rapidly spreading resistance movement, the authorities tried to push forward in a flexible manner. As a result, the contradictions were not only intensified, but also the institutional malpractices of the government, the snake and the internal maladjustment were exposed. This has led to the loss of credibility and the destabilization of the foundation of political authority. In the meantime, the underground organizations of the Communist Party of China have successfully intervened in the anti-vetting campaign by taking advantage of the convenience of admission to cram schools and discontent caused by verification, and have developed trust in accordance with "striving for understanding and building trust." The development organization line gradually grasped the leadership of the movement and successfully led the postwar student movement from relying on the government for legitimate rights to an anti-autocratic and democratic track. On this basis, the Communist Party of China stepped up its public opinion offensive. In the heart of the national government, we have further expanded the momentum, strengthened the organization, and prepared the strength and base for the "second front".
【作者单位】：中国石油大学(华东)马克思主义学院;
【分类号】：K266

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