南京国民政府时期反省院研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 09:04

本文选题：南京国民政府　切入点：反省院　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：反省院是国民党在执掌全国政权后,“司法党化”的特殊产物。其设立的目的是有效镇压、分化共产党人及其他反对派人士,使其放弃原有信仰,信奉三民主义,进而加强对全国的思想控制。反省院作为南京国民政府时期一种特殊的监狱制度,其机构设置、管理规则等方面既与普通监狱有一致之处,又有自身独特之处。虽然仅仅存在十余年的时间,但其影响却十分深远。从反省院的形成发展的总体过程来看,面对“清党”运动带来的种种弊端,以及社会各界的反对之声,执掌全国政权的南京国民政府一改过去的大屠杀政策,施行“教育反省”的办法,将“反革命者”关进反省院中进行“反省改造”。此外,随着北伐的胜利,南京国民政府实现了国家表面上的统一,成为代表中国的合法中央政府,并在“以党治国”思想的指导下,推行“司法党化”运动,反省院便是这一运动的产物。从反省院的创设情况来看,在《反省院条例》未公布之前,国内部分省市已经建立了一批反省院。其中属浙江、安徽反省院设立最早。1929年底,国民政府颁布《反省院条例》,对反省院的监禁对象、组织机构设置、工作人员的职能等内容作出了详细的规定。南京国民政府在全国范围内共设立了14所反省院,原有的自新院、反省院根据条例进行改组。从反省院的运行机制来看,反省院基本沿用了普通监狱的管理方法。但反省院内的生活待遇要较好于普通监狱,犯人也相对自由一些。反省院与普通监狱的区别,主要在于注重对犯人进行思想改造。反省院以“反省改造”反省人的思想为宗旨,对反省人采取一系列的“训育手段”,以期实现对反省人理论上的指导,思想上的纠正,人格上的修养以及学识上的灌输。抗日战争全面爆发后,国共再次合作,在共产党和全体国民的共同努力下,国民政府被迫释放各地监狱和反省院中的“政治犯”。1938年底,南京国民政府下令废止《反省院条例》,反省院退出历史的舞台。
[Abstract]:Soul-searching court is a special product of judicial partisanship after the Kuomintang took power throughout the country.Its purpose is to effectively suppress, divide the Communists and other opposition people, make them give up their original faith, believe in the three people's principles, and then strengthen the ideological control over the whole country.As a special prison system in the period of Nanjing National Government, the Institute of introspection has its own characteristics as well as consistency with ordinary prisons.Although only existed for more than ten years, its influence is very profound.Judging from the overall process of the formation and development of the House of Representatives, in the face of the drawbacks brought about by the "Qing Party" movement and the voices of opposition from all walks of life, the Nanjing National Government, which took charge of the national political power, changed its past Holocaust policy.Carrying out the method of "educational introspection" and putting the "counter-revolutionaries" in the introspection hospital to carry out "introspection and reform."In addition, with the victory of the Northern Expedition, the Nanjing National Government realized the apparent unification of the country, became the legitimate central government representing China, and, under the guidance of the idea of "ruling the country by the Party," carried out the movement of "judicial partisanship".The institute of introspection is the product of this movement.Judging from the establishment of the introspection Institute, before the promulgation of the regulations, some provinces and cities in China have set up a number of introspection Institutes.Among them, Zhejiang and Anhui introspection Institute was established as the earliest. At the end of 1929, the National Government promulgated the regulations of the introspection Court, which made detailed regulations on the contents of the imprisonment object, organization and organization, the functions of the staff and so on.The Nanjing National Government has set up 14 introspection colleges throughout the country.Judging from the operation mechanism of the introspection institute, the introspection institute has basically followed the management method of the ordinary prison.But introspection treatment in the prison is better than the ordinary prison, prisoners are relatively free.The difference between the introspection court and the ordinary prison mainly lies in paying attention to the ideological reform of the prisoners.The institute of introspection takes the thought of "introspection reform" as its aim, and adopts a series of "discipline means" to the introspector in order to realize the theoretical guidance, the correction of thought, the accomplishment of personality and the instillation of knowledge.After the full-scale outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party cooperated again, and with the joint efforts of the Communist Party and all the people, the National Government was forced to release prisons and reflect on the "political prisoners" in the academies at the end of 1938.The Nanjing National Government ordered the abolition of the regulations of the Court of introspection, which withdrew from the stage of history.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K262.9

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