李鸿章海防思想与海军教育实践研究

发布时间：2018-04-06 05:26

本文选题：李鸿章　切入点：海防思想　出处：《西北师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：李鸿章的海防思想随时局不断转变,并最终成熟。在这种完备的海防思想的指导下建立了中国第一支近代化的海军,并开创了系统的近代化海军教育培养新式海军人才。李鸿章对近代海军教育的发展起了相当重要的作用,随着近年来对李鸿章研究力度的加大,越来越多的人注意到了李鸿章在海军建设,海军教育上的历史功绩。本文就李鸿章的海防思想与海军教育实践着力研究,力图挖掘出中国第一支近代化海军的教育体系,以及李鸿章之于近代海军教育的重要性。本文主要从以下几方面展开: 首先,在晚清风雨飘摇的大背景下,以李鸿章为代表的少数开明官员海防思想发生了巨大的转变。李鸿章的海防思想从19世纪60年代始至北洋海军的建立经历了四次转变,他的海防思想不断完善,由原先的“以守为防”的消极防御转变为“以战为守”的积极防御。李鸿章海防战略思想最终完备成熟,并在这种海防思想的指导下开始创建北洋海军,最终于1888年建立了中国第一支近代化的北洋海军。其次,梳理李鸿章海军教育实践的内容。主要由两方面构成,一是创办新式学堂培养海军人才,创立的海军学堂包括天津水师学堂、山东威海卫水师学堂、旅顺口鱼雷学堂、北洋医学堂等;二是主持留学教育引进西方先进科技,包括留学美国和留学欧洲。再次,分析李鸿章海军教育实践的影响。李鸿章的海军教育实践培养了大批近代化的海军人才,把西方先进的科学技术知识和思想引入中国,对封建专制文化起到了一定的冲击作用,开拓了时人的视野,改变了人们的思维模式,为以后西学在中国的大量传播奠定了良好的基础,并创立了中国第一所官办军医学堂,培养了第一批中国自己的海军军医,推动了西医在我国的发展。李鸿章创办的海军学校教育,是对清末传统海军教育内容及人才选拔制度的重大变革,开创了近代海军教育的先河,形成了最早的中国近代海军教育体制。最后,应当客观的对李鸿章海军教育实践进行评价。
[Abstract]:Li Hongzhang's idea of coastal defense is constantly changing, and finally mature.Under the guidance of this complete idea of coastal defense, the first modern navy of China was established, and the systematic modernization of navy education was initiated to train new naval personnel.Li Hongzhang has played a very important role in the development of modern naval education. With the increase of the research on Li Hongzhang in recent years, more and more people have noticed the historical achievements in the naval construction and navy education.Based on Li Hongzhang's thoughts on coastal defense and naval education practice, this paper tries to find out the educational system of China's first modern navy and the importance of Li Hongzhang to modern naval education.This paper mainly starts from the following aspects:First of all, under the background of the late Qing Dynasty, a small number of enlightened officials represented by Li Hongzhang changed their thoughts on coastal defense.Li Hongzhang's coastal defense thought has undergone four changes from the 1860s to the establishment of the Beiyang Navy. His coastal defense thought has been continuously improved from the negative defense of "defending to defense" to the positive defense of "taking war as defense".The strategic thought of Li Hongzhang's coastal defense was finally complete and mature. Under the guidance of this kind of coastal defense thought, Li Hongzhang began to establish the Beiyang Navy, and finally established China's first modern Beiyang Navy in 1888.Secondly, combing the content of Li Hongzhang's naval education practice.It is mainly composed of two aspects: one is to establish a new school to train naval personnel, the establishment of naval schools include Tianjin Water Division School, Shandong Weihaiwei Watermaster School, Lushun Kou Torpedo School, Beiyang Medical School and so on;The second is to introduce advanced western science and technology, including studying in the United States and studying in Europe.Thirdly, it analyzes the influence of Li Hongzhang's naval education practice.Li Hongzhang's naval education and practice trained a large number of modern naval personnel, introduced advanced western scientific and technological knowledge and ideas into China, played a certain impact on feudal autocratic culture, and broadened the vision of contemporary people.It has changed the thinking mode of people, laid a good foundation for the spread of western learning in China in the future, established the first official military medical school in China, cultivated the first group of naval doctors in China, and promoted the development of western medicine in our country.The naval school education founded by Li Hongzhang is a great change to the traditional naval education content and talent selection system in the late Qing Dynasty, which initiated the modern navy education and formed the earliest modern naval education system in China.Finally, we should objectively evaluate Li Hongzhang's naval education practice.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K256

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