清末新政中的进士留洋问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 07:23

本文选题：清末新政　切入点：进士　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：清末新政的实施，直接推动了留学热潮的兴起和海外教育的发展。大量传统士绅也卷入了出国留学的热潮，其中包括一大批在国内已取得传统功名的进士。这是一种前所未有的现象。通过科举考试获得各级传统功名者，可以说是传统儒家文化的代表，尤其是科举功名的最高等级进士的获得者，堪称中国传统社会中的知识精英，也是清朝社会中的统治阶层。为什么清末会有如此多的进士乃至翰林留学海外？他们留洋的目的是什么？学习状况如何？归国后对国内社会的政治、文化、教育等方面又起到了怎样的作用？本文拟针对这些问题对进士阶层留洋现象进行研究和讨论。本文主要分四个部分进行论述：第一部分：进士留洋的时代背景。进士留洋现象是清末实施新政、废科举、兴学堂、筹备立宪等大变革背景下的产物。清政府颁布了一系列鼓励留学的政策。同时，日本及欧美各国为加强对中国文化的控制，都积极推行吸纳中国留学生的政策。清末进士留洋这一特殊留学现象正是在这个特定的历史背景下产生的。第二部分：进士留洋概况。主要包括四个方面：首先，对进士留学的派遣方式进行了叙述，，包括进士馆集体派遣、翰林院与各部院派遣、各省地方官员派遣和自费留洋四种方式；其次，介绍了进士留学国别的选择以及所学专业；再次，介绍了进士留洋期间参加的社会活动和思想的变化；最后介绍了进士归国后的去向。第三部分：进士留洋的特点。进士留洋与其他留学群体相比，主要存在以下几方面特点：（一）留洋方式以清政府集体派遣为主；（二）留洋目的与其他留学群体不同；（三）留学国家主要以日本为主；（四）学习专业以法政科为主。第四部分：进士留洋对清末民初中国社会的影响。这部分也是本文的重点。这些进士回国后在促进政治改革和文化教育等方面大显身手，对清末民初的政治改革、教育、文化等方面产生了重要影响。主要从留洋进士对清末政治改革的影响、对近代教育的影响和对文化传播的影响三方面进行论述。
[Abstract]:The implementation of the New deal in the late Qing Dynasty directly promoted the upsurge of studying abroad and the development of overseas education.A large number of traditional gentry were also involved in the craze of studying abroad, including a large number of scholars who had gained traditional fame in China.This is an unprecedented phenomenon.It can be said that the representative of the traditional Confucian culture, especially the winner of the highest level of the imperial examination, is the intellectual elite in the traditional Chinese society and the ruling class in the Qing Dynasty.Why did so many scholars and even Hanlin study overseas in the late Qing Dynasty?What is the purpose of their stay abroad?How's your study?How does it play a role in politics, culture, education and so on after returning to China?This article aims at these problems to study and discuss the phenomenon of Scholars'class staying abroad.This paper is divided into four parts:The first part: the background of the time of the scholars studying abroad.The phenomenon of scholars studying abroad was the result of the great changes in the late Qing Dynasty, such as the implementation of the New deal, the abolition of imperial examinations, the revival of schools and the preparation of constitutionalism.The Qing government promulgated a series of policies to encourage students to study abroad.At the same time, in order to strengthen the control of Chinese culture, Japan and European countries actively promote the policy of absorbing Chinese students.In the late Qing Dynasty, the special phenomenon of studying abroad came into being under this particular historical background.The second part: the general situation of Jin Shi studying abroad.It mainly includes four aspects: firstly, it describes the dispatching methods of Jin Shi's study abroad, including the collective dispatch of the Jin Shi Museum, the dispatch of the Hanlin Academy and the departments and departments, the dispatch of local officials from various provinces and the retention of foreign students at their own expense; secondly,This paper introduces the choice of the country of studying abroad and the major learned; thirdly, it introduces the social activities and the change of thought of the students during their stay abroad; finally, it introduces the direction of the return of the jinshi.The third part: the characteristics of the scholars studying abroad.Compared with other groups studying abroad,There are the following characteristics: (1) the mode of studying abroad is mainly sent by the Qing government collectively. (2) the purpose of studying abroad is different from that of other groups studying abroad. (3) the main study countries are Japan. (4) the major of studying abroad is the subject of law and political affairs.The fourth part: the influence of Jin Shi studying abroad on Chinese society in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.This part is also the focus of this paper.After returning to China, these scholars made great efforts in promoting political reform and cultural education, which had an important impact on the political reform, education and culture in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.This paper mainly discusses the influence of studying abroad on the political reform in the late Qing Dynasty, the influence on modern education and the influence on cultural transmission.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K257

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