留学生与近代中国军事航空研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 14:57

本文选题：留学生 + 军事航空　；参考：《南开大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：近代以来，随着飞机广泛运用于军事领域，各国逐渐意识到其在未来战争中的巨大作用。在1908～1949年的41年间，中国各级政府多次选派留学生赴英、美、苏、法等国学习先进的军事航空技术和飞机制造技术。据笔者不完全统计，我国共派遣了3000多名留学生赴国外学习航空科学知识与军事航空技术。这些留学生学成归国之后，大多投身军事航空建设中，为我国军事航空事业的发展做出了重要贡献。我国近代航空留学生有四种主要类型：第一种是出于个人志愿自发地学习航空科技；第二种是海军和航空部门选派的航空留学生；第三种是赴美受训的留学生；第四种是从高校系统派遣出来的留学生。近代航空留学生的派遣形式具有多样性和复杂性的特点，既有中央政府派遣，也有地方政府派遣，既有军事航空部门派遣，也有由海军部门以及教育部门派遣，他们之中既有公费留学生，也有自费留学生。留学生在国外学习的时间有长有短，有的长达数年，有的只有2～3月，其留学国别主要是美国、法国和意大利。南京国民政府成立之后，加强了留学教育的管理，使我国近代航空留学生的派遣事务逐步走向规范化和制度化。本文主要从留学生与我国近代军事航空机构与制度，，留学生与近代军事航空思想，留学生与近代中国军事航空工业，以及留学生与近代中国军用航空教育与训练等四个重要方面着手，重点探讨留学生与中国军事航空关系。文章最后一章是整个论文的结语部分，它简单比较了航空留学生、华侨航空人员以及外国在华航空人员三者的关系，重点探讨了留学生在近代中国军事航空史上的地位、角色与功能。笔者认为由于这些航空留学生拥有先进的飞机制造技术和高超的飞行驾驶技术，回国后很快成为我国航空事业的核心力量。许多留学生担任航空署(航空委员会)的重要职务和空军部队的高级将领，成为我国近代航空事业的核心力量，主导了近代中国军事航空机构与制度的建立与发展。留学生在介绍引进西方的军事航空思想以及对中国传统军事理论改造的基础上，创造性地将西方先进的军事理论运用于中国军事航空与国防建设实际工作中，并与中国社会的现实情况紧密结合起来，以战争的演变来丰富战争的理论，促进了中国军事航空思想的发展。一些学习航空工程的留学生归国之后，积极参与近代航空工业的创建与发展，积极创建航空科研机构和飞机制造厂，担任飞机制造厂的主要领导者和重要的技术人员，克服各种困难开展新飞机研制工作，为我国近代航空工业的发展做出了杰出的贡献。一些赴国外学习飞行技术的留学生，成为空军部队的重要组成部分，组建空军新兵种的核心力量以及空军教育与训练的重要力量。总之，航空留学生是我国近代航空事业的核心力量，他们不仅开创了近代中国航空事业的新局面，同时为中国军事航空事业的演进与变革做出了重要的贡献。
[Abstract]:In modern times, as the plane is widely used in the military field, countries come to realize its great role in the future war. In 1908~1949 years, 41 years, China government has been sending students to the UK, the United States, the Soviet Union, learning advanced technology and military aviation aircraft manufacturing technology method according to the author's country. Statistics, China has sent more than 3000 students studying abroad in aviation science and military aviation technology. These students have returned, mostly engaged in the construction of military aviation, has made important contributions to the development of China's military aviation industry. China's modern aviation students there are four main types: the first one is for individual voluntary spontaneous learning of aviation science and technology second is selected; the Navy and the Department of aviation aviation students; third students went to America for training; the fourth is sent from the university system Students come. Modern aviation students sent form has the characteristics of diversity and complexity, both the central government sent, local governments also have sent both the dispatch of military aviation department has dispatched by the Department of the Navy and the Department of education, they are both free students, there are students. Study abroad through students, some for several years, some only 2~3 months, the foreign country is mainly in the United States, France and Italy. After the establishment of the Nanjing national government, to strengthen the students education management, make our country modern aviation students sent affairs gradually standardized and institutionalized.
This article mainly from the students and modern military aviation mechanism and system of China, students and modern military thought, students and modern Chinese military aviation industry, as well as students to China and modern military aviation education and training and other four important aspects, focusing on the relationship between students and China for military aviation. In the last chapter is the conclusion of the whole thesis, it compares the relationship between aviation students, overseas Chinese and foreign aviation personnel in China aviation personnel of the three, focusing on the students in the modern Chinese military aviation history of the status, role and function. The author thinks that because these students have aviation aircraft manufacturing technology advanced and superb flying techniques, after returning home soon become the core power of China's aviation industry. Many students served as the aviation department (Aviation Committee) the important position and the air force Senior generals, become the core strength of China's modern aviation industry, led the establishment and development of the modern military aviation Chinese mechanism and system. The students in the introduction of Western military aviation and thought based on the traditional theory on the transformation of the military China, creatively advanced western military theory to practical work Chinese military aviation and the national defense construction, and the reality of society and China closely together, with the evolution of the war to enrich the war theory, promote the development of military aviation China thought. After the students returned to aeronautical engineering learning, actively participate in the creation and development of modern aviation industry, and actively create aviation research institutions and aircraft manufacturing factory as a leader, the main aircraft manufacturing factory and important technical personnel, to overcome various difficulties to carry out the new aircraft development work for Chinese aviation industry Make a great contribution to the development of enterprises. Some foreign students learned to fly, become an important part of the air force, an important force in core forces to set up new branches of the air force and air force education and training. In short, aviation students is the core strength of China's modern aviation industry, they not only create a new the situation of modern aviation Chinese, also made an important contribution to the evolution and transformation of China military aviation.

【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：E295;K26

【参考文献】