清末安徽地方报纸中的“新政”与“革命”

发布时间：2018-04-13 17:33

本文选题：官报 + 民报　；参考：《江西师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：晚清报纸的出现与兴盛,见证了近代早期政治、经济、社会变迁各方面的内容。早期具有新思想的知识份子大量投身于地方报纸的创办或撰稿工作中。以这些报纸为媒介,当时的新思想、新意识得以传播,这在很大程度上促进了晚清经济、政治上的诸多方面变革,从而引起整个社会结构的连锁反应。晚清报纸在兴盛的同时,也呈现出鲜明的地域化特色。本文以安徽地方报纸为中心,揭示当时安徽地方报纸所呈现的特点,其与晚清新政、革命的关系等问题,从另一个侧面理解晚清新政及革命在地方社会中具体表象。清末官报,是一种由清政府各级部门主办的官方报刊。它服务于清王朝的统治需要,是清王朝传递思想、方针、政策的形象代言人,也是清末新政口号下的附属产物。清官方办理的官报来源于传统中国的官报,但又自己的特点。其在收录大量政府公文同时,也包含有大量的时政论文、调查报告、科普文章等五花八门的内容,可以透射出晚清新政中地方社会具体运作情况。与官报相比,清末安徽地方非官方报纸呈现出多元的办报模式,内容更加丰富,大体上形成了安庆、芜湖两个办报中心。其办报人、办报活动、办报思想与上海关系密切。但并未出现财团、学会、政党等社会组织办起来的报纸,往往是一群新式知识分子临时联合起来维持报馆的运转,存在的寿命都较短,在很多方面都不太规范。其所含内容就更为广泛,既有对西方新思想、新制度的引介,也有对于时局的看法,同时也不乏对当局的批评或赞扬,甚至在改造国民性、移风易俗方面亦有所涉及,可谓纷繁复杂。本文则主要针对上述两类报纸中涉及新政与革命的内容时行研究。面对内忧外患的时局,安徽地方各类报纸都有所回应。在《安徽官报》中,虽然绝大多数是官方文件的汇编,但从中依然可以看出新政推行的困难,新式学堂广泛开办和各级官员对新政的理解。而《安徽俗话报》、《安徽白话报》、《安徽通俗公报》等非官方报纸,则呈现出一种具有独立性格,主张改良,力主普及教育,为民众增进知识的特点,在宣传新知识、普及教育的方面做了大量的工作,但能否认定为“革命”报纸,则值得商榷。本文最后通过对《安徽俗话报》、《安徽白话报》、《安徽通俗公报》三报有关清末安徽路矿事件的报道和分析,发现三报的爱国热情很高,也不畏惧清政府的压力敢于大胆揭露黑暗面。但也暴露了以《安徽俗话报》、《安徽白话报》、《安徽通俗公报》为代表的安徽报纸的缺陷,即没有自己的专属记者因而无法获知详细和细节性的新闻,大量内容属于转载或道听途说,或因与绅商阶层保持距离,因而无法有深刻的经济报道和经济分析,主观性较强。
[Abstract]:The emergence and prosperity of newspapers in the late Qing Dynasty witnessed the political, economic and social changes in the early modern times.Early intellectuals with new ideas were heavily involved in the creation or writing of local newspapers.With these newspapers as the medium, the new ideas and new consciousness were spread, which to a great extent promoted the economic and political changes in the late Qing Dynasty, thus causing the chain reaction of the whole social structure.Newspapers in the late Qing Dynasty flourished, but also showed distinct regional characteristics.Taking Anhui local newspapers as the center, this paper reveals the characteristics of Anhui local newspapers at that time, the relationship between them and the new policies of the late Qing Dynasty, the revolution, and so on, so as to understand the concrete appearance of the late Qing New deal and the revolution in the local society from the other side.The official newspaper of late Qing Dynasty is an official newspaper sponsored by all levels of Qing government.It serves the ruling needs of the Qing Dynasty and is the image spokesman of the Qing Dynasty transmitting ideas, principles and policies, as well as a subsidiary product under the slogan of the New deal in the late Qing Dynasty.The official newspapers of the Qing Dynasty originated from the traditional Chinese official newspapers, but their own characteristics.In the collection of a large number of government documents, but also contains a large number of current political papers, investigation reports, popular science articles and other diverse content, can be transmitted in the late Qing Dynasty in the new deal of the specific operation of the local society.Compared with official newspapers, local unofficial newspapers in Anhui showed a diversified mode of running newspapers in the late Qing Dynasty, and the contents were more abundant, and the two newspaper centers, Anqing and Wuhu, were formed on the whole.Its newspaper person, run newspaper activity, run newspaper thought and Shanghai close relation.However, there are no consortia, societies, political parties and other social organizations to run a newspaper, often a group of new intellectuals to temporarily unite to maintain the operation of the newspaper, the existence of a short life, in many ways not very standard.Its contents are even more extensive, including the introduction of new ideas and systems in the West, the views on the current situation, and the criticism or praise of the authorities, even in reforming the national character and changing the customs.It can be described as complicated.This paper focuses on the two types of newspapers involved in the New deal and revolution.In the face of internal and external troubles, Anhui local newspapers have responded.Although the vast majority of official documents are compiled in the Anhui official newspaper, we can still see the difficulties in the implementation of the New deal, the extensive opening of new schools and the understanding of the New deal by officials at all levels.On the other hand, the unofficial newspapers, such as the Anhui Folk dialect newspaper, the Anhui vernacular newspaper, and the Anhui popular Bulletin, have shown an independent character, advocated improvement, urged the popularization of education, promoted the characteristics of knowledge for the people, and propagated new knowledge.A great deal of work has been done in the field of universal education, but it is open to question whether it can be regarded as a "revolutionary" newspaper.In the end, through the report and analysis of Anhui Folk dialect newspaper, Anhui vernacular newspaper and Anhui popular Bulletin on the incident of Anhui Road Mine in the late Qing Dynasty, it is found that the third newspaper has a high patriotic enthusiasm.Nor is it afraid of the pressure of the Qing government to boldly expose the dark side.But it also exposed the shortcomings of the Anhui newspapers, represented by the "Anhui Folk Daily", the "Anhui vernacular newspaper", and the "Anhui popular Bulletin". That is, without its own exclusive reporters, it was unable to obtain detailed and detailed news.A great deal of content belongs to reprint or hearsay, or because of keeping distance from the gentry and business class, it is unable to have profound economic report and economic analysis, so the subjectivity is strong.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G219.29;K257

【参考文献】