抗战后的重庆学生运动研究（1945-1946）

发布时间：2018-04-15 08:40

本文选题：重庆 + 学生运动　；参考：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：抗日战争胜利后，学生运动在全国蓬勃兴起。反饥饿、反内战、立足民族主义的反对帝国主义是这一时期学生运动的主要基调。作为陪都的重庆学生运动更是引起了全国的关注，斗争频率更高，声势更为浩大，对政府的政策的影响也更大。1940年9月国民政府迁到这里，重庆成为了一个中国的政治、外交、经济、文化教育和新闻中心，与此同时，战争中全国许多高校迁到了这里，为学生运动积蓄了力量。据笔者所收集的这一时期重庆学生运动的情况来看，学生运动这一时期呈现了一定的特点。相对于这一时期的其他地方，重庆作为陪都，更易于被政府所掌控，故而其斗争的过程少流血冲突，多有序游行，其行动更为理性且目标也更为明确。同时，国共两党都在动员学生发动运动上不断做文章，反内战和反内乱的斗争在学生中成为斗争的焦点，双方所代表的学生都认为自己是唯一代表政府、代表广大学生的，所以学生运动的发生在这一时期内带有戏剧性和表演的性质，其主要目标在于使另外一方在斗争中失去信任，争取中间学生的支持成为这一时期斗争的一个方面。相对于五四运动，战后的学生运动是自动和被动的统一。一方面，它没有完全抛弃五四运动那种完全自治、自决和自动的习性。这种斗争的精神，是中国自古知识分子所拥有的不同于普通人的自我认知和定位决定的。在国家分裂、民族危亡之时，学生“读书不忘救国”的念头使学生积极的参与政治斗争，并成为运动的领导者。这一时期的特殊经济形势以及国民党的政治腐败，学生的经济处境十分恶劣，为了生存坏境得到改善，学生奋起抵抗，体现了主动性的一面。另一方面，抗战胜利后，国共两党都认识到学生在斗争中的重要性。国民党政府在坚持“去政治化”的大方针下通过“党化教育”、控制学生自治会、舆论反攻、以及成立组织等方式来抑制中共领导的学生组织的蔓延，对于学生运动的态度主要采用了“软化”和“利用”为主、镇压为辅的方针，在学生运动的过程中主要担任“监护”任务，防止学生游行过程中运动扩大和意外事件的发生，，同时也利用学生不断的对共产党进行反击，学生在“被运动”的过程中逐渐丧失了自动性。学生运动因何勃发兴起？据笔者的观点来看，乃因抗日战争的胜利为学生运动提供了一个契机。从社会运动理论的角度来讲，即是这一时期的政治结构为学生运动提供了一个机会。当此之时，中共的力量不断扩大，社会结构发生了变化，国民党政府对待学生运动的态度以及国共两党通过动员学生进行的斗争更加剧了学生运动的发生。也就是说，这一时期的学生运动是中国当时独有的历史背景、社会背景和文化背景下的产物。
[Abstract]:After the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan, the student movement flourished throughout the country.Anti-hunger, anti-civil war and nationalism-based anti-imperialism were the main tenets of the student movement in this period.The student movement in Chongqing, the capital of Chongqing, has attracted even more attention throughout the country, with a higher frequency of struggle, greater momentum and greater influence on the government's policies. In September 1940, when the National Government moved here, Chongqing became the political and diplomatic role of one China.Economic, cultural, educational and news centers, meanwhile, many colleges and universities moved here during the war, saving strength for the student movement.According to the situation of Chongqing student movement in this period, the student movement has some characteristics.Chongqing is more easily controlled by the government than the rest of this period, so its struggle is less bloody, more orderly, and more rational and targeted.At the same time, both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party are constantly making a fuss about mobilizing students to launch a campaign. The struggle against civil war and civil strife has become the focus of the struggle among the students. The students represented by both sides believe that they are the only ones who represent the government and the students at large.Therefore, the student movement has the character of drama and performance in this period, its main goal is to make the other side lose trust in the struggle, and win the support of the middle students to become one aspect of the struggle in this period.Compared with the May 4 th Movement, the postwar student movement was an automatic and passive unity.On the one hand, it does not completely abandon the full autonomy, self-determination and automatism of the May 4th Movement.The spirit of this struggle is determined by the self-cognition and orientation of Chinese intellectuals since ancient times, which are different from ordinary people.When the country is divided and the nation is in peril, the students' idea of "reading and saving the nation" makes them take an active part in the political struggle and become the leader of the movement.The special economic situation of this period and the political corruption of the Kuomintang, the economic situation of the students was very bad. In order to improve the bad situation of existence, the students rose up to resist, which reflected the initiative side.On the other hand, after the victory of the War of Resistance, both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party recognized the importance of the students in the struggle.Under the broad policy of "depoliticization", the Kuomintang government has adopted "party-oriented education" to control student autonomy associations, counter-attacks by public opinion, and the establishment of organizations to curb the spread of student organizations led by the Communist Party.The attitude of the student movement has mainly adopted the policy of "softening" and "utilizing", supplemented by repression. In the course of the student movement, it mainly takes on the task of "monitoring" so as to prevent the expansion of the movement and the occurrence of unexpected events during the student procession.At the same time, using students to fight back against the Communist Party, students in the process of movement gradually lost its automatism.Why did the student movement rise?According to my point of view, it is because the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan provides an opportunity for the student movement.From the point of view of social movement theory, the political structure of this period provides an opportunity for student movement.At this time, the strength of the Communist Party of China has been expanding and the social structure has changed. The attitude of the Kuomintang government towards the student movement and the struggle between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China through the mobilization of students have exacerbated the student movement.In other words, the student movement in this period was the product of Chinese historical background, social background and cultural background.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K266;D432.9

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