南京国民政府“五九”国耻纪念述评（1927-1937）

发布时间：2018-04-16 05:05

本文选题：国民党 + 南京国民政府　；参考：《华中师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：“五九”国耻纪念日源于1915年袁世凯政府和日本关于“二十一条”的交涉。日本对中国领土可谓是垂涎已久,1915年借第一次世界大战欧洲各国忙于厮杀无暇东顾的有利时机,以支持袁世凯做皇帝为条件,抛出灭亡中国的“二十一条”,1915年5月7日向袁世凯政府发出最后通牒,逼迫袁政府接受“二十一条”,否则将采取“认为必要之手段”,无奈之下袁世凯政府于5月9日屈辱地答应了日本提出的苛刻条件。由此,五月九日就成为中国又一个屈辱的一日。民间组织京师总商会和教育联合会提出将屈辱的五月九日确定为国耻纪念日的建议,号召全国人民纪念国耻,为了洗雪国耻积极努力。日本侵略的加剧和国内反日情绪的高涨等因素,促成国民党政府努力进行国耻纪念,反抗日本帝国主义的侵略。南京国民政府成立后,国民党政府遵循孙中山的遗嘱,结合国际国内形势的变化,通过历次中央常务委员会的召开将五月九日确定为“国定纪念日”,逐渐地建立起“五月九日国耻纪念日”的纪念制度,号召全国民众积极地进行“五九”国耻纪念日的纪念活动,探讨雪耻救国的方针和策略。国民党政府积极地组织各级党部和各界人士进行国耻纪念日的纪念,并且将“五九”国耻纪念日与重大历史事件结合起来,反映出这一时期国耻纪念主题的变化。国民党政府对“五九”国耻纪念日的纪念反映出国民党政府打倒国内军阀,实现国家统一以及反抗日本帝国主义的侵略,打倒帝国主义的民族主义理念。在纪念国耻纪念日中,国民党政府有意地强化民众的国家认同,呼吁民众拥护中国国民党,拥护南京国民政府,指出只有在国民党的领导下才能打倒军阀,打倒帝国主义,废除不平等条约,实现国家的自由平等。另外,在纪念中国民党政府一直标榜着孙中山的三民主义,主张实现三民主义的建国思想。 “五九”国耻纪念日的纪念是由国民党政府主导,社会各界民众广泛参与的纪念活动,同时也成为各界人士表达政治意愿的一种方式。研究南京国民政府的“五九”国耻纪念日,有助于回顾屈辱的历史,反思历史的教训,激发国人的爱国情愫,肩负起新的历史责任。
[Abstract]:The anniversary of the National disgrace Day originated in 1915 when Yuan Shikai's government negotiated with Japan on Article 21.Japan has coveted Chinese territory for a long time. In 1915, when the European countries of the first World War were busy fighting each other, they were conditioned to support Yuan Shikai as emperor.Throwing out the "21 articles" that destroyed China, and issuing an ultimatum to Yuan Shikai's government on May 7, 1915, forcing the Yuan government to accept the "21 articles," otherwise it would take "whatever means it deems necessary".However, Yuan Shikai's government in May 9 humiliated promised Japan's harsh conditions.As a result, May 9 became another humiliating day in China.The nongovernmental organization Beijing Teachers General Chamber of Commerce and the Federation of Education put forward the proposal to designate the humiliating May 9 as the anniversary of national shame, and called on the people of the whole country to commemorate the national shame and make active efforts to clean it up.The aggravation of Japanese aggression and the upsurge of domestic anti-Japanese sentiment prompted the Kuomintang government to make efforts to commemorate the national humiliation and resist the aggression of Japanese imperialism.After the establishment of the Nanjing National Government, the KMT government followed Sun Zhongshan's will, combined with the changes in the international and domestic situation, to designate May 9 as the "National Day of Remembrance" through the convening of successive standing committees of the Central Committee.Gradually establish the memorial system of "May 9 National disgrace Day", call on the people of the whole country to actively carry out the commemoration of "May 9" National Shame Day, and discuss the policy and strategy of saving the nation by shaming.The Kuomintang government actively organizes the Party departments at all levels and people from all walks of life to commemorate the anniversary of national shame, and combines the "May 9" anniversary of national shame with major historical events, reflecting the changes in the theme of commemorating national shame during this period.The commemoration of the anniversary of the "May 9th" National disgrace Day by the Kuomintang government reflects the Kuomintang government's idea of overthrowing the warlords, realizing national reunification, resisting the aggression of Japanese imperialism, and overthrowing the nationalist ideas of imperialism.In commemorating the anniversary of national humiliation, the Kuomintang government deliberately strengthened the national identity of the people, appealed to the people to support the Chinese Kuomintang and the Nanjing National Government, and pointed out that only under the leadership of the Kuomintang can the warlords and imperialism be overthrown.Abolish unequal treaties and realize the freedom and equality of nations.In addition, in the commemoration of the Kuomintang government has been touting Sun Zhongshan's three people's principles, advocated the realization of the founding of the three people's principles.The commemoration of "May 9th" National Shame Day is a commemoration led by the Kuomintang government and widely participated by the people from all walks of life, and it has also become a way for people from all walks of life to express their political will.It is helpful to review the humiliating history, to reflect on the lessons of history, to arouse the patriotic feelings of the people, and to shoulder the new historical responsibility by studying the anniversary of the "May 9th" national shame of the Nanjing National Government.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K263

【引证文献】