马丕瑶的为官思想与实践

发布时间：2018-04-17 12:41

本文选题：马丕瑶 + 赈灾　；参考：《东北师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：马丕瑶作为晚清重要的地方官员,虽然不似曾国藩、李鸿章等封疆大吏那样显赫,但却历经同治、光绪两朝,深得当政者的宠信。多次受到光绪皇帝和慈禧太后的嘉奖,这在晚清官员中并不多见。通过对他的研究可以了解晚清时期地方官员在面对国家内忧外患的情况下,如何来治理地方,解决国家危亡。本文旨在对马丕瑶一生中的为官时期进行论述,着重论述其赈灾思想、经济思想、吏治思想及相关实践。把对马丕瑶一生的研究作为一个整体,了解这位晚清时期重要的地方官员,以期得出其重要的历史地位,并给予公正的评价。另外,本文力图在还原历史本来面目的同时更希望能挖掘出深刻的现实借鉴意义。本文主要通过三大方面来进行论述: 第一部分:论述马丕瑶的赈灾思想与实践。百年不遇的旱灾给晚清社会带来了巨大冲击,临危受命的马丕瑶担任了受灾最严重的地区之一——解州的知州。所以本部分全面概括马丕瑶在面对灾荒时所做的思考,以及对其赈灾思想的实践,主要包括赈济灾民、平抑物价、清丈土地、均减徭役、恢复灾后生产、进行民众教化等。通过对其赈灾措施的论述从而挖掘其措施中所存在的现实借鉴意义。同时,其对灾荒的治理虽然取得了重大成效,但是也存在着不可避免的局限。第二部分:论述马丕瑶的经济思想与实践。为了挽救统治,晚清时期进行了学习西方先进技术的洋务运动,马丕瑶虽然不是洋务运动的典型代表,但是其经济思想却体现出了向洋务思想的转变,这主要体现在工业、农业、对外贸易等方面。通过对其洋务思想实践的探讨,进一步分析其洋务思想的成因。第三部分:对马丕瑶的吏治思想与实践进行论述。即对马丕瑶为官三十年中对地方吏治措施的总结归纳,并与同时期的其他地方官员进行比较,从而得出其吏治思想的突出特点。结语部分:通过上述具体史实的阐述,以及对马丕瑶赈灾、经济、吏治思想的分析,有助于我们全面了解马丕瑶一生的为官思想。虽然身处封建没落的晚清社会,但是其思想中却时时体现出“关注民生”的现实意义。通过上述材料的把握,有助于我们理性而客观的分析马丕瑶的历史地位,更准确地把握历史真相。
[Abstract]:Ma Pi-yao, as an important local official in the late Qing Dynasty, was not as prominent as Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, and so on.Many times by Emperor Guang Xu and Empress Cixi, this was rare among officials in the late Qing Dynasty.Through his research, we can understand how the local officials in the late Qing Dynasty managed the local government and solved the national crisis in the face of the internal and external troubles of the country.The purpose of this paper is to discuss Ma Pi-yao 's life as an official, focusing on his thoughts on disaster relief, economic thought, official administration and related practice.Taking the study of Ma Pi-yao 's life as a whole, this important local official in the late Qing Dynasty was understood in order to obtain his important historical status and to give a fair evaluation.In addition, this paper tries to restore the history as it is, and hope to excavate the profound practical significance.This article mainly through three aspects to carry on the discussion:The first part discusses Ma Piyao's thought and practice of disaster relief.The once-in-a-century drought had a great impact on the society in the late Qing Dynasty, and Ma Pi-yao was appointed as one of the worst-hit areas-Zhizhou.Therefore, this part summarizes the thinking made by Ma Pi-yao in the face of famine, and the practice of his thoughts on disaster relief, mainly including relief to the victims, stabilizing prices, clearing the land, reducing corvee, resuming the production after the disaster, carrying on the education of the people and so on.Through the discussion of disaster relief measures, it excavates the practical significance of its measures.At the same time, although its management of famine has made great achievements, but there are inevitable limitations.The second part discusses Ma Piyao's economic thought and practice.In order to save the rule, the Westernization Movement was carried out in the late Qing Dynasty to learn the advanced western technology. Although Ma Pi-yao was not a typical representative of the Westernization Movement, his economic thought reflected the change to the Westernization thought, which was mainly reflected in industry.Agriculture, foreign trade, etc.Through the practice of his Westernization thought, the causes of its Westernization thought are further analyzed.The third part discusses Ma Piyao's thought and practice of official administration.That is to say, Ma Pi-yao as an official in 30 years of summing up the measures of local officials, and compared with other local officials in the same period, so as to get the prominent characteristics of his thoughts on the administration of officials.Conclusion: the analysis of Ma Pi-yao 's thoughts of relief, economy and administration is helpful for us to understand Ma Pi-yao 's thought of serving as an official in his life.Although he was in the late Qing Dynasty, his thoughts always reflected the practical significance of paying attention to the people's livelihood.It is helpful for us to analyze the historical position of Ma Pi-yao rationally and objectively, and to grasp the historical truth more accurately.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K252

【参考文献】