抗战时期四川省棉业改良与推广研究（1938-1945）

发布时间：2018-04-17 16:01

本文选题：抗战时期 + 四川省　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：长期以来,由于自然环境限制、品种不佳、栽培方法不恰当等原因,四川皮棉年产量不过40万担。自1937年全面抗战爆发后,四川一时成为抗战大后方的中心基地和衣食所出的根据地,但衣被供需矛盾却日益突出。为保证抗战顺利进行,以达到“抗战建国”之目的,改进棉业以实现棉业增产便成为解决四川棉荒困境的重要出路。早在民国初年,四川劝业道周孝怀就开始从湖北输入美棉分发至川省各个棉区种植,四川省政府也有组织成立棉作试验场、经营生产贷款等一系列的改良活动。不过,由于主客观因素的制约,四川棉业改良与推广成效不大,直到抗战全面爆发后,四川棉业才迎来发展高峰。全面抗战时期的四川省棉业改良与推广,是由四川省建设厅、四川省立棉作试验场、四川省棉区各县政府和县农业推广所、高等农业院校所及各位从事此项工作的同仁共同承担的。政府通过颁布棉业改良与推广政策、完善农业机构、推行棉贷、训练棉业推广人才等措施,积极为棉业增产做好准备工作。其中,棉业改良工作主要包括:棉种引进与选育、棉作栽培试验、棉作病虫害防治;推广方面则侧重对优质棉种的舆论普及、开展植棉竞赛会及展览会等推广方法和良种的保纯、繁殖工作。同时,还通过对棉花进行分级、设立轧花厂、组织棉花运销合作社来加强对棉花交易环节的监督。随着上述工作的展开,使得四川植棉业一改战前的萎靡状态,迎来了“短暂的春天”。不管是在棉花产量增加还是棉农增收、棉纺织业发展方面都取得了一定的成效。但是由于先天气候不足、经费紧缺、耕作技术和肥料使用的落后、农民受教育程度低下、棉花价格不合理、专业技术人才和劳动力缺乏等种种因素制约,致使四川棉业改良与推广事业呈现“跳跃式”的发展模式,最终并未真正解决后方棉荒危机,原棉与纺织的供需矛盾依然存在。
[Abstract]:For a long time, because of the restriction of natural environment, poor varieties and inappropriate cultivation methods, the annual yield of lint in Sichuan is only 400000.After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan in 1937, Sichuan became the central base and base area of the rear area of the War of Resistance against Japan, but the contradiction between supply and demand of clothing was increasingly prominent.In order to ensure the smooth progress of the War of Resistance against Japan and to achieve the goal of "establishing a nation with the War of Resistance against Japan", improving cotton industry to increase production of cotton industry has become an important way to solve the dilemma of cotton shortage in Sichuan Province.As early as the beginning of the Republic of China, Zhou Xiaohuai began to distribute cotton imported from Hubei Province to all cotton areas in Sichuan Province. The Sichuan Provincial Government also organized the establishment of cotton production test sites and a series of improvement activities, such as managing production loans and so on.However, because of the restriction of subjective and objective factors, the improvement and popularization of cotton industry in Sichuan was not effective, until the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, the cotton industry in Sichuan Province did not usher in a peak of development.The improvement and popularization of cotton industry in Sichuan Province during the Anti-Japanese War period was carried out by the Sichuan Provincial Construction Department, the cotton stand test site in Sichuan Province, the county governments of Sichuan cotton region and the county agricultural extension institutes.Higher agricultural institutions and your colleagues engaged in this work shared responsibility.Through promulgating the policy of cotton industry improvement and extension, perfecting agricultural organization, promoting cotton loan, training cotton industry extension personnel and so on, the government should actively prepare for increasing production of cotton industry.Among them, the improvement work of cotton industry mainly includes: introduction and breeding of cotton seed, cultivation experiment of cotton, control of diseases and insect pests of cotton, and popularization of public opinion on high-quality cotton seed.Develop cotton competition and exhibition and other promotion methods and the preservation of improved varieties, reproduction work.At the same time, through the grading of cotton, the establishment of a rolling mill, the organization of cotton marketing cooperatives to strengthen the supervision of cotton trading links.With the development of the above-mentioned work, Sichuan cotton planting industry changed before the war, ushered in a "short spring."No matter in cotton yield increase or cotton farmers increase income, cotton textile industry development has achieved certain results.However, due to the lack of natural climate, the shortage of funds, the backward use of farming techniques and fertilizers, the low level of education of farmers, the unreasonable price of cotton, the lack of specialized technical personnel and labor force, and other factors,As a result, Sichuan cotton industry improvement and promotion presents a "leap" development model, and finally does not really solve the crisis of cotton shortage in the rear, and the contradiction between supply and demand of raw cotton and textile still exists.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K265

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