建国初期广西救灾治荒述论

发布时间：2018-04-19 04:28

本文选题：建国初期 + 广西　；参考：《广西师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 在新中国建立后国民经济恢复这样一个百废待的时期,广西人民在党和政府的正确领导下以极大的热情投入到经济建设中来。但自然灾害并没有因新政权的确立而停止它们的肆虐,广西广大人民群众在人民政府的领导下,与各种自然灾害进行了英勇的抗争。由于对该时段救灾治荒工作的研究目前还处于空白,笔者通过深入考察该时期广西救灾治荒工作的开展,总结出人民群众在与灾害抗争中形成的历史经验和教训,从而也为社会主义新农村建设以及社会主义和谐社会的构建提供有益的探索。本文先通过对建国前后广西自然灾害进行比照,认为在建国初期自然因素仍是导致灾害的直接原因,自然灾害的危害依旧是非常严重的,且类型多、分布广、频率高,其中尤以水灾、旱灾和虫灾为最,还常常出现几种灾害同步迭加、连续重复发生的情况,另外,社会因素使灾害的危害程度加剧。战胜灾害、发展生产便成了广西人民政府及人民大众必须攻克的堡垒。广西人民政府为了取得救灾治荒工作的胜利,积极组织各级政府投入到生产救灾中去,从省府到地方都建立了生产自救委员会,并把“不饿死人”作为救灾治荒工作的方针,把人民的利益放在救灾工作的首位。自然灾害往往会夺去人民群众的粮食、财物甚至生命,对灾民进行紧急赈济就凸现得极为重要。然而,自然灾害给灾区人民带来巨大困难,仅仅依靠政府紧急救济是不够的,必须依靠群众、依靠集体,动员全民节约,群众互助互济,共同度过灾荒。同时,为保障灾区人民的身体健康,人民政府及时组织医疗卫生队伍奔赴重灾区特别是发生水灾地区进行传染病的防治工作。广西人民政府把“生产自救,节约互助度荒,辅之以政府扶助”确定为整个生产救灾工作的主要指导方针。提出发展生产是救灾的中心工作,帮助灾民解决在发展农、副业生产中的难题,在农村里开放自由借贷,提升灾区人民生产自救的能力。并及时地修复或兴修水利,开展以工代赈。广西救灾治荒工作呈现出明显的特点:各级人民政府承担起组织救灾的任务,成为救灾的组织者和指挥者,在救灾中发挥着核心作用;结合各项社会改革,积极发动人民大众进行群众性的生产救灾运动;在救灾中坚持以发展生产为核心的“生产自救,节约互助度荒,鼓励自由借贷”的方针,促使社会生产能尽快恢复正常;努力帮助灾民克服灾民意识,在物质救灾的同时加强精神救灾。建国初期广西省的治荒救灾工作总体上是卓有成效的,它对于救助灾民的生活困难,稳定灾区社会秩序,恢复灾区生产以及国民经济的恢复均发挥了重要作用。灾荒的不断发生,在今后相当时期内是不能完全避免的,本文通过对建国初期广西治荒救灾工作的研究,总结同自然灾害做斗争的历史经验和教训,希冀对于增强防灾意识,防灾患于未然,为经济建设提供良好的社会环境,提供积极有益的借鉴。
[Abstract]:In the period of the restoration of the national economy after the establishment of the new China , the people of Guangxi have put great enthusiasm into the economic construction under the correct leadership of the Party and the government . However , the natural disasters have not stopped them under the leadership of the new regime , and the masses of the masses of Guangxi have made heroic struggle against various natural disasters under the leadership of the people ' s government .

In this paper , by comparing the natural disasters in Guangxi before and after the founding of the People ' s Republic of China , the natural factors in the early period of the founding of the People ' s Republic of China are still the direct cause of the disasters . The harm of natural disasters is still very serious , and the types are many , the distribution is wide and the frequency is high , especially the flood , drought and insect disaster are the most , and several kinds of disasters are frequently repeated and repeated , and the harm degree of the disasters is aggravated by the social factors .

In order to win the work of disaster relief , the people ' s government of Guangxi has actively organized all levels of government into production and disaster relief , established production self - rescue committees from provincial capitals to local governments , and put the people ' s interests at the top of the disaster relief work .

Natural disasters often take away the food , property and even life of the people , which is of great importance to the disaster victims . However , natural disasters bring enormous difficulties to the people of the affected areas . However , it is not enough to rely on the government ' s emergency relief , so as to help protect the health of the people in the affected areas , the people ' s government should organize the medical and health teams to go to the disaster areas in a timely manner to prevent and control infectious diseases in flood areas .

The people ' s government of Guangxi has set up the main guidelines for the whole production and disaster relief work by taking the " production self - rescue , saving mutual aid and shortage of mutual aid " as the main guideline for the whole production and relief work . The development and production is the central task of the disaster relief . It helps the victims to solve the problems in the development of agriculture and sideline production , open free loans in the countryside , and improve the people ' s ability to produce self - rescue in the affected areas .

In the disaster relief , people ' s governments at all levels undertake the task of organizing disaster relief , become the organizer and commander of the disaster relief , play a central role in disaster relief , and actively launch mass production and disaster relief movement of the people ' s masses in combination with various social reforms .

In the beginning of the founding of the People ' s Republic of China , the disaster relief work in Guangxi has been fruitful . It has played an important role in the relief of the life of the affected people , stabilizing the social order in the affected areas , restoring the production of the affected areas and the restoration of the national economy .

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K27

【引证文献】