王造时国民性改造思想研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 08:17

本文选题：王造时 + 国民性　；参考：《吉首大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近代以来,中国面临内忧外患,国家许多主权被列强掠夺,百姓饱受列强压迫,国家面临亡国灭种的危机,许多先进的知识分子眼见国家遭受危机,迫切希望改变中国,于是开始了器物改革、制度改革、文化改革,但一次次变革,一次次失败,这使他们从这些改革的失败教训中反思如何才能改变中国受侵略、压迫的现状,如何才能实现救亡图存,这就是当时中国的爱国知识分子提出国民性改造的主要目的。在国民性改造的洪流中,王造时在《新月》、《主张与批评》、《自由论坛》上发表大量文章,旨在揭示中国国民性,并提出改造国民性的主张。全文主要分为五个部分。绪论部分,主要是关于对王造时研究情况的综述和对该主题的总体把握。第一章主要是对王造时国民性改造思想的时代背景进行分析。中国自晚清以来不断加深的民族危机,近代以来中国先进知识分子救国探索的失败,西方民主思想的影响是王造时提出国民性改造思想的背景。第二章主要是以王造时在《新月》上发表的文章和《荒谬集》为基础,分析国民性改造思想对国民性的揭示和提出的改造国民性的主张。王造时国民性改造思想的主要内容包含了对国民性的揭示和改造国民性的主张。王造时从国家观念的缺失、国民自私、虚伪好面子、国民进取精神削弱、国民理性的缺乏四个方面阐述对国民性的揭示。同时王造时从三个方面阐述改造国民性的主张,一是建立民主政治,提高民主、参政思想;二是保障国家健全,发展国家经济,提升国家观念;三是解放思想,恢复民族自信力,加强国民个性发展。第三章主要分析王造时提出的国民性改造思想的评价。王造时国民性改造思想以“九一八事变”为界,前后的转变与当时的抗日形势密切相关,而他改造国民性的主张对于促进国民觉醒、加速近代国家国民思想传播、促进民主政治的建立有一定的积极意义;在特殊的抗战历史时期,他传达的思想主张有利于民族参加抗战、民族自卫,有利于恢复民族自信力。但王造时国民性改造思想也有一定的局限性,民国经历和留学欧美经历使王造时接受了西方先进的民主思想,对中国传统的认识存在片面性,对蒋介石时期的国民党本质认识不清,部分主张在具体的实践中也存在一定的理想性。结语部分是全文的一个总结和延伸,主要说明国民性改造是个必要的课题,王造时的国民性改造思想在近代有一定的积极作用。王造时的国民性改造思想与胡适的国民性改造思想有相同和不同之处,但无疑都在促进国民思想觉醒上有积极意义,有利于近代中国国民思想的传播,有利于强化国民国家观念和国民对国家的忠诚,有利于国民积极参与民族自卫。
[Abstract]:Since modern times, China has been confronted with internal and external troubles, many state sovereignty has been plundered by foreign powers, the people have been oppressed by foreign powers, the country is facing the crisis of subjugation and extinction, and many advanced intellectuals, seeing that the country has suffered a crisis, are eager to change China. As a result, they began to reform their implements, systems, culture, but again and again, and failed again and again. This made them reflect on how to change the status quo of China's aggression and oppression from the failure of these reforms. How to save the nation from death was the main purpose of the patriotic intellectuals at that time. In the torrent of the reform of national character, Wang published a large number of articles in "New Moon", "Proposition and criticism", "Forum of Freedom", aimed at revealing the national character of China and putting forward the idea of reforming the national character. The full text is divided into five parts. The introduction part is mainly about the summary of Wang Zanshi's research and the general grasp of the subject. The first chapter mainly analyzes the background of Wang's thought of national character reform. The deepening national crisis in China since the late Qing Dynasty, the failure of the exploration of saving the country from the advanced intellectuals in modern times, and the influence of western democratic thought are the background of Wang Zangshi's thought of reforming the national character. The second chapter is mainly based on the articles published in the New Moon and the absurd Collection, and analyzes the revelation of the national character and the proposition of the reform of the national character by the thought of reforming the national character. The main content of Wang's thought of national character reform includes the revelation of national character and the idea of reforming national character. Wang Zou-shi expounds the revelation of national character from four aspects: lack of national concept, national selfishness, hypocrisy and good face, weakening of national enterprising spirit and lack of national rationality. At the same time, Wang Chaoshi expounded the idea of reforming the national character from three aspects: first, to establish democratic politics, to improve democracy, and to participate in politics; second, to ensure a sound state, to develop the national economy, and to promote the concept of the state; and third, to emancipate the mind. Restore national self-confidence, strengthen the development of national personality. The third chapter mainly analyzes the evaluation of Wang Qianshi's thought of national character reform. Wang's thought of reforming the national character was defined by the "September 18 incident", and the changes before and after the transformation were closely related to the situation of resistance against Japan at that time. However, his idea of reforming the national character had an effect on promoting the awakening of the people and speeding up the dissemination of national thoughts in modern times. In the special period of the history of the War of Resistance against Japan, the ideas he conveyed were favorable to the participation of the nation in the War of Resistance against Japan, national self-defense, and the restoration of national self-confidence. However, Wang's thought of reforming the national character also had some limitations. The experience of the Republic of China and the experience of studying in Europe and the United States made Wang accept the advanced democratic thought of the West, and there was a one-sidedness in his understanding of Chinese tradition. The essence of the Kuomintang in Jiang Jieshi period is not clear, and some of them are idealistic in concrete practice. The conclusion part is a summary and extension of the full text, which mainly shows that the reform of national character is a necessary subject, and Wang Qianshi's thought of national character reform has a certain positive effect in modern times. There are similarities and differences between Wang Qianshi's thought of national character reform and Hu Shi's thought of national character reform, but both of them undoubtedly have positive significance in promoting the awakening of national thought, which is beneficial to the spread of modern Chinese national thought. It helps to strengthen the national concept of state and national loyalty to the country, and to actively participate in national self-defense.
【学位授予单位】：吉首大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K25

【参考文献】