国共和谈期间政党竞争的维度与策略研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 03:39

本文选题：政党竞争 + 国共谈判　；参考：《南京大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：政党竞争是政党政治的常态,中国近现代的政党政治始终与国家建设的历史任务交织在一起。20世纪中国的政党或以较为激烈的军事斗争方式或以较为和睦的合作方式活动于政治的领域。然则,政党本以和平的手段以竞取政权,中国近现代的政党政治中,除去民国初年的政党竞争,在1944年到1946年这段时间中,同样存在短暂的政党竞争现象。1944年9月林伯渠作为中国共产党党代表于国民参政会三届三次大会公开提出了联合政府的政治诉求,此主张宣布了国共两党以抗日为连接的合作主调发生了转向。基于二十世纪三十年代国共力量对比的权力分配格局难以为继,国共合作的时代主题逐渐演进为国共竞争的政治现实。在抗日战争步入尾声的条件下,新国家的政治权力如何分配成为国共两党竞争的焦点。此后,共产党与国民党历经赫尔利斡旋下的关于改组政府的谈判,重庆谈判以及政治协商会议等多轮谈判以谋求和平建国的路径。本文依据唐斯的理性选择理论,将民主国家中的政党竞争与选举逻辑带入1944年9月至1946年1月这段时间内的中国政治过程,以现代国家构建为历史框架,结合这段时期的国际国内环境,论证此阶段国共两党之间存在着政党竞争的关系；在两党竞争的过程中总结竞争的维度与特征；并利用唐斯政党竞争的选举逻辑,探讨中国共产党在与国民党的政党竞争中所处的地位以及其竞争的策略。本文认为政党竞争存在于中国的历史之中,并在特殊的环境限制下表现出其独特性。民主国家政党竞争的逻辑在中国有其适用性,并对国共两党的政党竞争具备解释力。利用唐斯的民主理论,本文分析了在现代国家构建的时代主题下,中国共产党充分利用其在野党的地位,主张民主,诉求联合政府,争取国内中间力量与国际因素的支持,在与国民党的竞争中争取到了有利地位。本文并未将国共两党的军事力量作为考察对象,并且认为上述时间段中,军事力量并非当时国内政治走向的决定性力量。
[Abstract]:Party competition is the norm of party politics. Party politics in modern China has always been intertwined with the historical task of national construction. In the 20th century, Chinese political parties have been active in the political field either in the form of more intense military struggle or in a more harmonious way of cooperation. However, the political parties originally fought for political power by peaceful means. In modern Chinese party politics, apart from party competition in the early years of the Republic of China, during the period from 1944 to 1946, There is also a brief phenomenon of party competition. In September 1944, Lin Boqu, as a party representative of the Chinese Communist Party, put forward the political aspirations of the coalition government at the third and third sessions of the Congress. This proposition announced that the two parties to the anti-Japanese cooperation between the main tone has changed. Based on the power distribution pattern of the power contrast between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in the 1930s, the theme of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party gradually evolved into the political reality of the competition between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. In the end of the War of Resistance against Japan, the distribution of political power in the new country has become the focus of the competition between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Since then, the Communist Party and the Kuomintang have gone through negotiations on reorganizing the government under Hurley's mediation, the Chongqing talks and the political Consultative Conference in order to seek the path of peaceful nation-building. Based on the rational choice theory of Downs, this paper introduces the logic of party competition and election in democratic countries into the Chinese political process between September 1944 and January 1946, and takes the construction of modern country as the historical framework. Combined with the international and domestic environment of this period, this paper demonstrates the relationship between the KMT and the CPC at this stage, summarizes the dimensions and characteristics of the competition in the process of the competition between the two parties, and makes use of the election logic of the Downs party competition. This paper probes into the position of the Communist Party of China in the competition with the Kuomintang party and its competitive strategy. This paper argues that party competition exists in the history of China and shows its uniqueness under special circumstances. The logic of party competition in democratic countries has its applicability in China, and it can explain the competition between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Based on Downs' theory of democracy, this paper analyzes that under the theme of modern national construction, the Communist Party of China has made full use of its position as an opposition party, advocated democracy, appealed to a coalition government, and won the support of domestic and middle forces and international factors. He won a favorable position in the competition with the Kuomintang. This paper does not take the military power of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party as the object of investigation, and thinks that the military force is not the decisive force of the domestic political trend in the period mentioned above.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D665;K265;K266

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