沦陷时期北京商会和日伪政权关系简论

发布时间：2018-04-26 18:48

本文选题：北京 + 沦陷时期　；参考：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：商会是晚清时期政府与商界为发展实业而设立的。商会的活动不止限于会内,在政治、经济和社会变迁中都担当了重要角色,深度参与了中国曲折多变的现代化进程,与整个社会演变密不可分。商会与政府的关系是错综复杂的,在不同的时期表现出不同的特征。沦陷时期,日本扶持伪政权进行殖民统治与经济掠夺,保留了北京商会来并利用商会推行其政治统制和经济统制政策:在经济上,日伪政府利用商会进行商业调查,依靠商会举办博览会、派销商品、了解信息以加强商会同日本的关系;在政治上,日伪政府颁布《商会法》加强对商会的控制、利用新民会加强对商会的干涉、利用商会宣传治安强化运动。北京商会对日伪的这种统治的表现了一定的合作与协助:参与强化物资统制,协助控制物价,积极参与组合和物资配给;参与强化政治统制,开具身份证明、参与献机献金活动。然而,北京商会并没有完全沦为日伪统治的工具,仍然履行着自身的职责:在维护商人利益方面,代表商号与日伪政府交涉、保释商人、争取税收优惠;在维护市场秩序方面,协调商业运行、提供商业信息;在社会救济方面,参与1939年水灾救济和常年赈济。
[Abstract]:The Chamber of Commerce was established by the government and the business community for the development of industry in the late Qing Dynasty. The activities of the Chamber of Commerce are not limited to the conference, but also play an important role in the political, economic and social changes. They have deeply participated in China's tortuous and changeable modernization process and are closely related to the whole social evolution. The relationship between chamber of commerce and government is complicated, showing different characteristics in different periods. During the fall of Japan, Japan supported the pseudo-regime to carry out colonial rule and economic plunder, retained the Beijing Chamber of Commerce and used the Chamber of Commerce to carry out its policy of political and economic control: economically, the Japanese government used chambers of commerce to conduct commercial investigations. Relying on the Chamber of Commerce to hold expositions, distribute goods and understand information to strengthen the relations between the Chamber of Commerce and Japan; politically, the Japanese government promulgated the Chamber of Commerce Law to strengthen its control over the Chamber of Commerce, and made use of the New people's Association to strengthen its interference with the Chamber of Commerce. Use the Chamber of Commerce to promote a campaign to strengthen public order. The Beijing Chamber of Commerce has shown a certain degree of cooperation and assistance in this kind of domination of the Japanese and puppet: participating in strengthening the control of goods and materials, helping to control prices, actively participating in combinations and material rationing, participating in strengthening political control, and issuing certificates of identity. Participate in the donation activities. However, the Beijing Chamber of Commerce has not completely reduced itself to a tool of Japanese pseudo-rule, and is still fulfilling its own duties: in safeguarding the interests of businessmen, the Beijing Chamber of Commerce deals with the Japanese government on behalf of the merchants, bail out the businessmen and strive for tax concessions; and in the area of maintaining market order, Coordinate commercial operations and provide commercial information; participate in flood relief and perennial relief in 1939.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K265

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