太平天国降将群体研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 12:53

本文选题：太平天国 + 降将　；参考：《河南师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：十九世纪中叶,中国爆发了太平天国运动。在太平天国的政治号召下,大江南北的民众被召唤起来,向清政府发起了猛烈的进攻。这场震动全国的农民起义虽然以失败而告终,但它鼓舞了人们的反抗精神。太平天国战争前期,太平军中鲜有投降者,战争后期,各城、各地太平军将领中几乎都有变节者。自古以来,史家对那些变节投降的人的评价都不高,因为中国传统文化中衡量人格的道德原则之一便是做人的气节。而这些降将在危难关头所表现出来的行为,则体现不出一点气节。这些投降的太平军将领是否都应受到批判,我们不能一概而论,这需要从其投降的原因来分析。战场的形势从来都是瞬息万变的,与清廷相比,太平天国始终是弱势的一方,这是太平军将领大量投降的直接原因,但具体到每一位太平军将领身上,其投降的原因则并不相同。这些降将因投降时间、投降原因不一,所以他们投降后,清将对其的态度以及他们投入清军阵营后的任职情况也各不相同,有很强的阶段性特征。由于史料有限,我们不可能得到所有降将的详细资料,但可从已知的资料中,从个别降将的典型事例中,得出一个相对性的论断。在战争后期,那些过参加金田起义的将士在局势大变后并不曾投降,这些将士始终忠于太平天国,与那些投降将士形成了鲜明的对比,这是一个值得深思的问题。太平天国后期发生大规模投降的原因,学界各有评说,本文从这些降将参军前的籍贯、社会成分、投降地域等方面进行综合考察后,提出了自己的见解。太平天国战争期间因兵灾造成了大量流民,这些流民也成为太平军的主要兵源。因生活所迫,这些流民身上有很重的劣根性,他们毫无信念,毫无追求,当初参加太平军是为了生存,太平天国局势变危后,这些流民出身的将士纷纷投降也是为了生存。从清廷的臣民成为社会流民,从社会流民成为太平军将士,从太平军将士再转化为清廷的臣民,看似很简单的规律,事实上有很深刻的社会原因。
[Abstract]:In the middle of the nineteenth century, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement broke out in China. Under the political call of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the people in the north and south of the river were summoned to launch a fierce attack on the Qing government. The peasant uprising, which rocked the country, ended in failure, but it inspired the spirit of resistance. In the early period of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom War, there were few capitulators in Taiping Army. Since ancient times, historians have not highly evaluated those who surrender, because one of the moral principles of personality in traditional Chinese culture is the integrity of man. And the behavior that these health will show in time of crisis, do not show a bit of integrity. We cannot generalize whether these surrendered generals should be criticized. We need to analyze the reasons for their surrender. The situation on the battlefield has always changed rapidly. Compared with the Qing Dynasty, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom has always been a weak party. This is the direct reason for the mass surrender of the generals of the Taiping Army, but it is specific to every general of the Taiping Army. The reasons for their surrender are not the same. These surrender will be due to the time of surrender, surrender reasons are different, so after they surrender, the Qing general's attitude toward them and their post after they joined the Qing camp are also different, with very strong stage characteristics. Due to the limited historical data, it is impossible for us to obtain the detailed data of all the fallen generals, but we can draw a conclusion of relativity from the known data and from the typical examples of individual fallen generals. In the later period of the war, those who had participated in the Jintian uprising did not surrender after the great change of the situation. They were always loyal to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, in sharp contrast to those who surrendered, which is a question worth pondering over. The reasons for the large-scale surrender occurred in the late Taiping Heavenly Kingdom have been commented by different scholars. After a comprehensive investigation of the origin, social elements and surrender region before the surrender, this paper puts forward some opinions. During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom War, a large number of displaced people were caused by military disasters, and these displaced people also became the main source of soldiers of Taiping Army. Forced by life, these displaced people have a very bad nature, they have no faith, no pursuit, they joined the Taiping Army to survive, after the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom situation has become dangerous, these displaced soldiers surrendered in order to survive. From the subjects of the Qing Dynasty to the displaced people, from the displaced people to the officers of the Taiping Army, and from the officers of the Taiping Army to the subjects of the Qing Dynasty, it seems that the law is very simple, in fact, there are very profound social reasons.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K254

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