近代沈阳城市发展与社会变迁（1898-1945）

发布时间：2018-05-02 09:52

本文选题：近代 + 沈阳　；参考：《东北师范大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：近代沈阳，作为清王朝陪都、自开商埠城市和满铁附属地，比较全面地反映了中国近代历史形态，其城市的历史变迁颇具典型性、代表性。近代沈阳的历史主要沿着两条基本的脉络发展：一是由封建社会向半封建社会转化，这种转化是历史的自然过程；另一条则是由一座独立的封建都城变为半殖民地城市，这是外国资本主义强加给这个城市的，是城市政治地位的变化。与此相适应，沈阳的近代城市建设也相应表现出两条主要的脉络：一是中国封建社会的传统城市向新兴资本主义开放的、多方位的城市文化形式进化；另一条则是纯粹的外国建设模式的直接输入，这两条脉络既各自独立，又相互联系、相互制约、共进交融。本文以1898——1945的时间跨度为限，以近代沈阳城市的发展历程为研究对象，通过梳理沈阳城市的近代化历程，归纳城市发展演进的特点和影响沈阳城市近代化发展的因素。全文分共七部分。绪论，主要阐述该论文研究的选题意义和概念的厘清，重点介绍当前国内外研究的历史现状与拟解决的主要问题，以及论文所运用的理论、研究方法与整体结构等。第一章，主要从四个方面论述沈阳城市赖以存在的自然生态条件及盛京古城的形成，说明近代沈阳城市发展与社会变迁的社会背景。即沈阳城市发展的自然条件；早期城市的兴起与传统封建城市的形成；清代盛京古城的建设与发展；沈阳传统城市的近代过渡。第二章，主要论述了19世纪末20世纪初，近代沈阳殖民地化与近代化的同步演进过程。一方面，营口开埠后，伴随着列强的侵略、洋教洋货的冲击、日俄的争夺、日本殖民机构的建立，盛京古城屡遭洗劫，逐步沦为半殖民地，同时殖民者也将西方物质文明的成果不自觉地带入了近代沈阳，推动了沈阳的近代化；另一方面，日本为把奉天满铁附属地建成日本侵略东北的前沿阵地，殖民者投入大量资金，给沈阳这座古城带来了资本主义性质的基础设施、市政管理手段和西方的科技文化，在一定程度上推动了社会经济的转向和发展，造成了附属地城市空间和社会结构迅速向近代化演变，率先成为当时东北地区较为先进的具有现代意味的城市。第三章，主要论述了20世纪初，清末新政、自开商埠与奉天自主性近代化的启动历程。19世纪末20世纪初，奉天三罹兵燹，社会动荡，经济停滞，百业萧条。为恢复城市生机，一方面，赵尔巽在奉天率先启动新政，带动了近代沈阳城市面貌的恢复与更新；另一方面，伴随着奉天开埠，城市功能结构、城市面貌和城市发展动力都有所改变，加快了奉天城市的近代化进程，并逐步发展成为内外贸兼有的商业城市。第四章，主要论述了自辛亥革命至九一八事变，奉系军阀统治时期，沈阳城市自主性近代化的推进。面对日本通过经济和军事控制奉天的企图，张作霖一方面与之周旋，另一方面，努力拓展城市空间、建立市政公所、完善市政建设与管理、大力发展经济、教育、交通、卫生事业等，全力进行自主性城市建设，将沈阳城市自主性近代化建设推向了高潮。第五章，主要论述了伪满时期，沈阳城市建设的畸形发展。九一八事变后，日本为把沈阳变成侵略战争的战略物资供应基地，建立稳定的侵华后方的需要，建设了铁西工业区，制订并实施了《奉天都邑计划》，推行为殖民统治服务的教育，进行为战争服务的经济建设，这一时期沈阳人民的社会生活也发生着深刻的变化。由于对沈阳城市发展没有长远考虑，致使城市格局、经济结构严重失衡，对今天沈阳城市化向更高层次迈进，带来了深远的负面影响。结语，这是论文的最后部分。梳理了近代沈阳城市空间形态形成的过程，探析了影响近代沈阳城市发展的主要原因、对沈阳现代城市建设的影响，并对今天的沈阳城市建设提出了建议。
[Abstract]:Modern Shenyang , as the Qing Dynasty accompanied by the Qing Dynasty , has reflected comprehensively the modern history form of China , its historical changes are typical and representative . The history of modern Shenyang is mainly along two basic veins : one is the transformation from feudal society to the semi - feudal society , this transformation is the natural process of history ;
The other is changed from an independent feudal city to a semi - colonial city , which is imposed on the city by foreign capitalism , which is the change of the city ' s political status .
The other is the direct input of the pure foreign construction mode , which are both independent and interrelated and mutually restricted .

In this paper , the paper takes the time span of the city of Shenyang as the limit , takes the development course of Shenyang city as the research object , summarizes the characteristics of the evolution of urban development and the factors that affect the development of Shenyang urban modernization by combing the modernization course of Shenyang city .

The introduction is mainly about the definition of the topic meaning and concept of the research of the thesis , and focuses on the present situation of history and the main problems to be solved at home and abroad , as well as the theory , the research method and the whole structure used in the thesis .

The first chapter mainly discusses the natural ecological condition and the formation of the ancient city in Shenyang city from four aspects , and illustrates the social background of the development and social change of Shenyang city .
The rise of early cities and the formation of traditional feudal cities ;
The Construction and Development of Qing Dynasty Shengjing Ancient City
Modern transition of shenyang traditional city .

The second chapter mainly discusses the process of the synchronous evolution of the modern Shenyang colonization and modernization at the end of the 19th century . On the one hand , after the opening of the Yingkou port , with the aggression of the strong , the impact of the ocean and foreign goods , the competition between Japan and Russia , the establishment of the Japanese colonial institution , the ancient city of Shengjing have been gradually reduced to a half - colony , while the colonizers have brought the achievements of the western material civilization into the modern Shenyang , which promoted the modernization of Shenyang .
On the other hand , in order to build Japan ' s former position in northeast China into the northeast of Japan , Japan has invested a lot of money . It has brought capitalist nature ' s infrastructure , municipal management means and western science and technology culture to Shenyang , which has promoted the transformation and development of the social economy to a certain extent , which has led to the rapid development of the urban space and social structure in the region , which is the first to be the more advanced modern city in northeast China .

The third chapter mainly discusses the start - up process of the early 20th century , the new government in the Qing Dynasty , the self - opening commercial port and the pursuit of self - independence . In the end of the 19th century , Zhao Er was the first to start the new government in the early 20th century , which led to the restoration and renewal of the urban landscape of modern Shenyang .
On the other hand , with the change of Fengtian port , city function structure , city appearance and urban development power , the modernization process of Fengtian city is accelerated , and the commercial city with both domestic and foreign trade is gradually developed .

In the fourth chapter , the author mainly discusses the promotion of the self - ownership modernization of Shenyang city from the Revolution of 1911 to the 18th Incident . In the face of Japan ' s attempts to control Fengtian through economic and military control , Zhang Zuilin has been working with it on the one hand . On the other hand , efforts have been made to expand the city space , establish the municipal public office , improve the municipal construction and management , vigorously develop the economy , education , transportation , sanitation and so on , and devote great efforts to the construction of the autonomous cities , and pushed the construction of the urban autonomy in Shenyang to the climax .

The fifth chapter mainly discusses the teratology development of Shenyang city construction . After the first eight years of change , Japan has changed Shenyang into the strategic material supply base of the war of aggression , established the stable China ' s west industrial area , established and implemented the education for the service of the colonial rule and carried out the economic construction for the war service .

The final part of this paper is the conclusion of the thesis . The process of the formation of the urban spatial pattern in modern Shenyang is analyzed . The main reasons for the development of Shenyang city in modern times are discussed . The influence of Shenyang modern city construction is discussed , and some suggestions are put forward for the construction of Shenyang city today .

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F299.29;K25

【参考文献】