纽约市早期公共住房发展史（1934-1975）

发布时间：2018-05-06 08:31

本文选题：住房危机 + 公共住房　；参考：《华东师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：19世纪中期,随着工业化的发展,大量人群来到纽约寻找工作,而人口剧增导致了严重的住房危机,具体表现为住房数量短缺、居住环境恶化、贫民窟丛生。对此,纽约市积极地在治理住房问题的道路上进行了长期的摸索,在经历了若干次失败之后,最终建立起一套以政府干预市场为核心的公共住房政策,为解决低收入人群的住房困难做出了巨大贡献。本文所要研究的是纽约市公共住房早期建设的历史,从中探寻公共住房建设的经验教训。全文主要由绪论、正文、结语三部分组成。绪论主要介绍了选题意义、国内外研究概括,并简要地介绍了论文的写作思路和框架。正文又共分为三章,第一章探讨了纽约市公共住房建设的历史背景,主要介绍了19世纪中期住房危机的出现以及市政当局对此采取的措施。由于早期治理尝试的效果很不理想,低收入阶层要求政府直接介入住房建设的呼声日渐高涨。随着1929年大萧条的到来,住房危机不断加剧,纽约市住房局终于在1934年应运而生,公共住房建设事业也就此开始。第二章探讨了纽约市住房局在“新政”的背景下初步建设公共住房的过程,重点介绍了福斯特、哈莱姆河、威廉斯堡等第一批兴建起来的公共住宅区,以及在这些住宅区中被广泛运用的新型租户选择体系和社区管理体系。此外,本章还探讨了纽约追求高质量住房与联邦试图控制建造成本之间的矛盾冲突,从侧面反映出纽约市追求卓越的信念。第三章则探讨了城市更新运动前后纽约市公共住房建设逐渐兴盛与衰落的过程,论述了高层公共住宅楼的泛滥及其原因,并重点分析了公共住房中的高层住宅楼问题和种族隔离问题以及解决措施。结语部分则总结了纽约市公共住房早期建设的特点,通过分析其利弊得失,提出了如何完善我国公共住房体系的建议。
[Abstract]:In the middle of the 19th century, with the development of industrialization, a large number of people came to New York to find work, and the sharp increase in population led to a serious housing crisis, which was manifested in the shortage of housing, the deterioration of living environment and the proliferation of slums. In response, New York City actively groped for a long time on the road to housing governance, and after several failures, it finally established a set of public housing policies centred on government intervention in the market. It has made a great contribution to solving the housing difficulties of low-income people. This paper studies the history of the early construction of public housing in New York City and explores the experience and lessons of the construction of public housing. The full text consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction mainly introduces the significance of the topic, the domestic and foreign research summary, and briefly introduces the writing ideas and framework of the paper. The first chapter discusses the historical background of public housing construction in New York City, mainly introduces the emergence of housing crisis in the mid-19th century and the measures taken by the municipal authorities. Due to the poor effect of the early management attempt, the demand of the low income class for the government to intervene directly in the housing construction is rising day by day. With the arrival of the Great Depression in 1929, the housing crisis intensified, the New York City Housing Department finally came into being in 1934, and public housing construction began. The second chapter discusses the process of the New York City Housing Bureau building public housing in the context of the New deal, focusing on the Foster, Harlem River, Williamsburg and other first built public housing areas. And in these residential areas are widely used in the new tenant selection system and community management system. In addition, this chapter explores the conflict between the pursuit of high-quality housing in New York and the federal attempt to control construction costs, reflecting New York City's belief in excellence. The third chapter discusses the process of prosperity and decline of public housing construction in New York City before and after the urban renewal movement, and discusses the flood of high-rise public housing buildings and their causes. The problems of high-rise residential buildings and apartheid in public housing and their solutions are analyzed. The conclusion summarizes the characteristics of the early construction of public housing in New York City, analyzes its advantages and disadvantages, and puts forward some suggestions on how to perfect the public housing system of our country.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K26;K27;F293.3

【参考文献】