近代东北大豆贸易网络研究（1861-1931）

发布时间：2018-05-07 22:16

本文选题：大豆贸易 + 产地市场　；参考：《河北大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：东北大豆是近代中国大宗出口商品。大豆出口总值曾位居出口商品第一位，并行销多国，极大促进了东北地区的经济发展。东北地区大豆贸易数量巨大，层级市场明显，贸易网络十分发达，本文运用贸易网络理论对近代东北大豆贸易进行研究。大豆贸易的产地市场是大豆贸易的起始环节。东北地区大豆生产的商品化程度很高，大豆贸易在东北地区农产品产地贸易中居较大份额，集市交易十分繁荣，保证了大豆流通渠道的畅通。东北大豆贸易的集散市场与交通运输有很大关系。清末依托传统运输路线，以辽河运输为主干，在辽河沿岸城市形成很大集散规模，同时大车运输始发地也是重要的集散市场。铁路运输使大豆集散更为便利，大型集散市场逐渐移向铁路沿线的重要城市，集散规模更大。集散市场的经营机构主要是粮栈，其中规模最大的粮栈是东三省官银号经营的粮栈。东北大豆贸易的中心市场是大豆出口的国际贸易市场。日俄战争前，营口是唯一的出口市场，出口数量很大。日俄战争后，大连吸纳了大多数大豆，迅速取代了营口的大豆出口的优势地位。哈尔滨的大豆出口也发展很快。随着大豆出口的发展，东北地区出口数额占全国比例不断扩大，，并成为唯一一块出超地区。大豆出口贸易的控制权掌握在外商手中。日商曾经主导了东北大豆的出口经营，后期则丹麦商人占有贸易优势。近代东北大豆的市场以国内、南洋、日本和欧洲为主。国内和南洋输入大豆食用并兼以豆饼施肥。日本以豆饼进口为主，补充其耕地肥力，并进口原豆以补充食用。欧洲多以大豆作为工业原料，进口原豆榨油。国外市场占据了东北大豆的大部分市场份额，其旺盛的需求促进了东北大豆贸易的繁荣。二十世纪二十年代以后，日本豆饼进口的减少和欧洲对于大豆需求结构的变化对于东北经济有重要影响。油坊业是东北地区的重要工业，集中分布于贸易港。营口成为清末东北的油坊业中心，随着日本需求扩大和欧洲市场开辟，大连和哈尔滨成为油坊分布的中心。二十年代后期世界市场需求减少造成油坊业的衰颓。近代东北大豆贸易网络具有较高的流通效率，加强了地区与外部的联系，对于大豆出口和地区经济发展有着良好的促进作用，有巨大的进步意义。
[Abstract]:Northeast soybean is modern Chinese bulk export commodity. Soybean exports ranked first and sold in many countries, which greatly promoted the economic development of Northeast China. The soybean trade in Northeast China is very large, the hierarchical market is obvious, and the trade network is very developed. This paper uses the trade network theory to study the modern Northeast soybean trade. The origin market of soybean trade is the starting link of soybean trade. The degree of commercialization of soybean production in Northeast China is very high. Soybean trade occupies a large share in the production area of agricultural products in Northeast China, and the market trade is very prosperous, which ensures the smooth circulation of soybean. The distribution market of soybean trade in Northeast China has a great relationship with transportation. In the late Qing Dynasty, relying on the traditional transportation route and taking the Liaohe River transportation as the main trunk, a large scale of distribution was formed in the cities along the Liaohe River. At the same time, the starting place of the carriage transportation was also an important distribution market. Railway transportation makes soybean distribution more convenient, and the large distribution market gradually moves to the important cities along the railway line, and the scale of distribution is larger. The distribution market is mainly run by grain stacks, the largest of which is the grain storehouses run by officials and banks in the three provinces. The central market of northeast soybean trade is the international trade market of soybean export. Before the war between Japan and Russia, Yingkou was the only export market with a large export volume. After the Japanese-Russian War, Dalian absorbed most of the soybeans and quickly replaced Yingkou's soybean exports. Harbin's soybean exports are also growing rapidly. With the development of soybean export, the export amount of Northeast China has been increasing and becoming the only export area. The control of soybean export trade is in the hands of foreign investors. Japanese merchants once dominated the export of northeast soybeans, and later Danish traders had a trade advantage. The market of modern Northeast soybean is dominated by domestic, Nanyang, Japan and Europe. Domestic and Nanyang imported soybean consumption and fertilizer with soybean cake. Japan mainly imports bean cake, to supplement its farmland fertility, and imports raw beans to supplement food. Europe to soybean as industrial raw materials, imported raw beans oil. The foreign market occupies most of the market share of Northeast soybean, and its strong demand promotes the prosperity of Northeast soybean trade. After the 1920s, the decrease of soybean cake import in Japan and the change of soybean demand structure in Europe had an important influence on the economy of Northeast China. Youfang industry is an important industry in Northeast China, concentrated in trading ports. Yingkou became the center of oil workshop in the northeast of Qing Dynasty. With the expansion of Japanese demand and the opening of European market, Dalian and Harbin became the center of distribution of oil workshops. The decline in demand in the world market in the late 1920s caused the decline of the oil factory industry. The modern Northeast soybean trade network has high circulation efficiency, strengthens the connection between the region and the outside, has the good promotion function to the soybean export and the regional economic development, has the huge progress significance.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K25;F329

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