戴季陶的考铨思想及实践

发布时间：2018-05-08 06:44

本文选题：戴季陶 + 考诠　；参考：《华中师范大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：戴季陶担任考试院院长20年,对于建立国民政府的考铨制度提出了许多思想。本文选取其中几个富有特色的方面进行论述,或能给戴季陶研究提供一点新的信息。第一章介绍戴季陶筹备建立考试院的情形,并对其建立和推进考铨制度的若干措施进行论述。第二章研究了公职候选人考试的思想及其实践,戴季陶认为公职候选人考试是孙中山五权宪法的最重要的组成部分,是实现政权、治权区分的重要途径,是考试权独立的基础,是救治西方选举弊端的最好办法,必须坚持。但考试院办理公职候选人考试却遭到许多势力的反对,困难重重,最后停止实施。第三章研究保举、考绩、退抚及礼制思想。戴季陶对于孙中山一切官吏均须经考试铨定资格的思想并不坚持,鉴于当时私人荐举泛滥的情况,戴季陶主张在考试之外建立保举制度,对保举人进行限制,课以法律责任,规范保举行为。戴季陶感叹考试院的考绩权犹如水上浮萍,对于各机关的人事情况考试院无从得知,考绩之实施纯粹建立在纸面文字上,根本不切实际,因此他主张进行大规模的登记,摸清各机关的人事状况,然后考绩工作才能有迹可循。退抚与礼制也是戴季陶考铨思想的一部分。第四章探讨考铨与教育。戴季陶主张文官考试的科目与程度应该与学校课程相联系,中等以上学校的毕业考试应由考试院主持,并将其成绩作为文官考试成绩的一部分,博士学位由政府授予,考试院应参与其间,实行奖学考试以宏奖学术,将教育人员纳入铨叙范围以统制教育防范学潮。第五章讨论考铨与边政。戴季陶制定考铨制度时常常有维护国家统一的思考。他的边疆考试与铨叙思想及其实践,既是对传统科举考试制度的继承,亦是对英美等国公务员制度的借鉴,但又有鲜明的个人特色,总体上看有利于民族团结和国家统一第六章研究考试权方面的党政关系。事务官的考铨依理依法都应该由考试院掌理,但国民党中常会多有破坏考试权之举,为国民党党务工作人员和所谓革命有功人员提供从政的便利,甚至直接主持从政考试,选拔党务工作人员从政,或办理中央政治学校向政府机关分配经过训练的国民党党员。这些行为基本出于临时的或局部的考虑,很难说体现了国民党的整体利益。戴季陶及考试院对国民党中央的做法并不认同,也进行过抗争,但结果大都以失败告终。综合考察戴季陶的考铨思想及实践,会发现其总体上的一些特点。戴季陶的考铨思想的理论依据来源于孙中山的五权宪法中考试权独立的论述,但考铨制度的边政与教育的内容,既是继承了科举制度的传统,也是戴季陶个人兴趣的反映。戴季陶对于国民党中央破坏考试权是不满的,但为了维护国民党中央的权威,维护以党治国的体制,他又不愿撕破脸皮坚决反抗。
[Abstract]:Dai Diao served as president of the examination institute for 20 years , and put forward many ideas for the establishment of the national government ' s examination system . Some of these characteristics are discussed in this paper , or some new information can be provided to the study of Dai Diao .

In the first chapter , the paper introduces the situation of the preparation and establishment of the examination house by Dai Jitao , and discusses some measures to set up and advance the system of examination and examination .

In the second chapter , the thought and practice of the examination of public office candidates are studied , and Dai Ji - tao thinks that the examination of public office candidates is the most important part of Sun Yat - sen ' s five - power constitution . It is the basis of the independence of examination power . It is the best way to cure the malpractice of western election . But it is necessary to persist in handling the malpractice of western election . However , the examination room has been rejected by many forces in the examination of public office candidates , which is difficult and difficult . Finally , it stops the implementation .

In the third chapter , the thought of holding , performance appraisal , pacification and gift - making should be studied . Dai - tao ' s idea of qualification of all officials in Sun Yat - sen should not be adhered to . In view of the prevailing situation of personal recommendation , Dai - tao advocated the establishment of a holding system outside the examination , which is not practical at all . Therefore , he advocated a large - scale registration , to find out the personnel status of various organs , and then to conduct performance appraisal to follow .

The fourth chapter discusses the examination and education . Dai Ji - tao advocates that the subject and degree of the official examination should be related to the school curriculum , and the graduation examination of the middle or higher school should be presided over by the examination institute , and the result of the examination should be granted by the government , and the examination institute should be involved in the examination , and the examination institute should participate in the academic examination of the award .

In the fifth chapter , the author discusses how to maintain the national unity in the setting of the system of examination and Quan Dai Tao . He is not only the inheritance of the traditional imperial examination system , but also the reference for the civil servant system of the United States and the United States , but also has distinct personal characteristics , which is in general favor of national unity and national unity .

Chapter 6 studies the relationship between the party and government in the examination power . The chief executive ' s compliance with the law should be held by the examination institute . However , the Kuomintang party often has the right to destroy the examination right . It is difficult to say that the whole interest of the Kuomintang is embodied directly by the Kuomintang party official and so - called revolutionary active personnel . These acts are basically temporary or local , and it is difficult to say that the general interests of the Kuomintang are embodied . Dai Jiedu and the examination house have not accepted the practice of the Central Committee of the National Party , but also fought against them , but the results mostly ended in failure .

In order to safeguard the authority of the Central Committee of the National Party and to safeguard the authority of the Central Committee of the National Party and to maintain the system of the ruling of the Party , he is unwilling to tear the face firmly against it .

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K258

【参考文献】