中国国民党干部培养体制变革研究（1924-1945）

发布时间：2018-05-09 13:15

本文选题：国民党 + 干部　；参考：《重庆师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：辛亥革命推翻了几千的封建王朝,使中国政治从皇权逐渐转向党权,在这个社会转型时期,中国先进的知识分子们都在寻求挽救中国,实现国家富强的方案。作为当时中国政治舞台上的主流,国民党也在这一时期,发生了巨大的改变。为求革命之胜利与完成国家统一,国民党领袖孙中山以三民主义为体,俄共组织为用,对中国国民党进行了改组,使改组后的国民党由原来的一个只拥有少数精英分子的政党走向了一个拥有众多群众基础、富有政治整合能力的政党。为了适应国民党改组的需要,在苏俄和中国共产党的帮助下,国民党进行了改组后第一次大规模的干部训练。首先是建立黄埔军校,以军事训练和政治思想教育为主,为国共两党培养了大批优秀的军事干部;其次,在国民党的名义下,在中执会下设各部,对民众进行分散的训练,由于国民党对下层民众运动的忽视,共产党在其中对干部训练起了主导作用。训练的结果,使国民党丧失了对民众运动的主导权,而整个训练处于一种分散状态。孙中山逝世后,蒋介石破坏国共合作的统一战线,进行了清党,国民党成立了培养干部的中央训练部,以因应清党后干部的需要。整个训练形成了以中央训练部为中心,对民众、党员、童子军等进行分散训练的模式。但是中央训练部并没有担负起干部训练的重责,空有理论,而无实际的运作成效,反而在这一时期,由于对三民主义的曲解,造成了国民党民众基础的缺失;而党员干部的训练无力,造成了军权的崛起。面对国内外的形势,蒋介石提出了“攘外必先安内”的口号,为了实现自己独裁统治的政治利益,蒋介石对共产党实行了五次“围剿”,同时对国民党军官进行了大规模的训练,相继开办了“北路剿匪军官训练团”、“庐山陆军军官训练团”、“峨眉山军官训练团”,使国民党的干部训练走向了集中的模式。鉴于第五次“围剿”取得的成果,蒋介石成立了“庐山暑期训练团”,将军官训练的模式援引到一般的党政干部训练上,使国民党的干部训练逐渐趋于“中央化”。面对国内外抗日情绪的高涨,国民党不得不采取一定的措施以因应局势,为了抗战建国的需要,开办了大型集中的党政军干部训练团——中央训练团,使训练实现了“中央化”、“一元化”。但是其训练的目的只是为了让国民党的中高级干部掌握“一般的常识”和“办事的能力”,其训练内容重精神教育,期以此统一国民党干部的意志,培养成三民主义的忠实信徒和彻底奉行命令之战士,最终使训练走向失败。自1924年国民党改组至抗日战争胜利,国民党经历了四个时期的干部训练,其训练模式从分散逐渐走向集中,走向“中央化”、“一元化”;训练对象从一般的民众工作人员到军官最终扩及到全国的中高级党政干部,训练机构也由军校、一般的“训练班”、“讲习所”发展到了培训数千人以上,大型集中的“中央训练团”,整个训练模式呈现出自下而上的趋势。整个国民党的干部训练在蒋介石一党专政的思想下,逐步丧失了民众基础,取而代之的是军权的崛起,使军权凌驾与党权之下,使三民主义的意识形态逐步走向了抽象化、模糊化,最终成为蒋介石谋取政治利益的空头口号。
[Abstract]:The Revolution of 1911 overthrew thousands of feudal dynasties so that China ' s politics gradually shifted from the imperial power to the party ' s right . During this period of social transformation , Chinese advanced intellectuals sought to save China and realize the country ' s strong program . As the mainstream in the political arena at that time , the Kuomintang also had a great change in this period .

With the help of the Communist Party of Russia and the Communist Party of China , the Kuomintang carried out the first large - scale training of cadres after the restructuring of the Kuomintang leader , Sun Yat - sen , with the help of the Communist Party of Russia and the Communist Party of China .

After the death of Sun Yat - sen , Chiang Kai - shek destroyed the united front of Kuomintang - Communist co - operation , carried out the Qing Party , the Kuomintang established the central training department of training cadres , in order to meet the needs of the post - party cadres . However , the central training department has not taken the responsibility of training of cadres and has no practical operation results , but in this period , the lack of the foundation of the Kuomintang people is caused by the misinterpretations of the Three People ' s Principles ; and the training of the cadres of the Party members is weak , which has resulted in the rise of the military power .

In the light of the situation at home and abroad , Chiang Kai - shek put forward the slogan of " The Innate and Innate " . In order to realize the political interests of his own dictatorship , Chiang Kai - shek has carried out five " campaigns and suppression " against the Communist Party . At the same time , Chiang Kai - shek has carried out a large - scale training to the Communist Party of China . In the light of the results achieved in the Fifth Round , Chiang Kai - shek has set up the " Mountain Summer Training Mission " . In view of the results achieved in the fifth " campaign and suppression " , Chiang Kai - shek has set up the " Mountain Summer Training Mission " , and has invoked the pattern of officer training to the training of the general party and political cadres , making the training of the cadres of the Kuomintang gradually tending to " centralize " .

In the face of the high - rise of anti - Japanese sentiment at home and abroad , the Kuomintang has to take certain measures to respond to the situation . In order to meet the needs of the nation - building , the Kuomintang has set up a large set of cadres training regiment of the party and government army , which has made the training achieve " centralization " and " one - way " . However , the aim of the training is to make the middle - level cadres of the Kuomintang ( KMT ) master " general common sense " and " ability of handling " .

From 1924 , the Kuomintang was reorganized into the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan . The Kuomintang has experienced four periods of cadre training . The training mode of the Kuomintang has gradually moved towards the middle of the whole country from the general public worker to the officer , and the training institution has developed from the general public worker to the officer finally to the middle - level party and government officials of the whole country . The training institution has gradually lost the public foundation from the general public worker to the military officer , and the whole training mode has taken up the bottom - up trend . The whole Kuomintang cadres train the ideology of Chiang Kai - shek ' s party dictatorship and gradually move towards the abstraction and blurring , and finally become the empty slogan of Chiang Kai - shek ' s political interests .

【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K258

【参考文献】