“九一八事变”后关东军“满洲移民实边政策”研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 09:32

本文选题：“九一八事变” + 关东军　；参考：《黑龙江大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：“九一八事变”后，“满洲移民政策”提上日程，政策制定之初，日本政府以重建日本农村为目的，欲将小规模所谓“过剩农户”送往海外；而关东军作为驻扎“满洲”的军事部队，更为关注政策所能达到的军事影响。关东军一方面积极“运筹”，促进以关东军移民方案为蓝本的移民政策通过；另一方面，主导移民过程，让移民配备武器，服务于其军事目的。这一时期，关东军主导的“满洲武装移民”军事目的有二：第一，利用“满洲武装移民”配合关东军“维护治安”，镇压满洲境内抗日力量；第二，利用移民“实边”以确保“边境安宁”。这一举措产生了重大影响。其一，削弱了东北人民抗日力量；其二，间接促使了关东军不断挑起小型边境冲突；其三，“武装移民”的成功为日本大规模的满洲移民创造了条件。为了进一步整肃满洲的“治安”，从外围切断东北人民与外部共产党的联系；同时为确保对苏战争准备能万无一失，达到以满洲作为进攻苏联的战争基地之战略目标。大规模移民，通过移民“实边”建立安全地带“便成为必要”，移民进入“满洲国策移民”时期。为此，关东军主持召开“第二次移民会议”，积极提出《实施满洲农业移民基础纲要》，精心挑选移民点，建立大小不等的“集团部落”。该时期，关东军以移民团为后盾，主动发起对苏进攻，爆发了诺门罕战役。同时关东军自身也因此后开展的“关东军特别演习”，兵力进入鼎盛时期。此外，大量移民被植入华北、内蒙与满洲“边境地带”，从地域上切断了东北共产党与外部共产党联系，东北人民抗日联军斗争转入低潮，日本对东北人民的奴化进一步加深。及至1941年，太平洋战争打乱了整个移民步伐，“满洲国策移民”步入新阶段。凭借太平洋战争这一契机，关东军“适时”地抛出了关东军色彩的“战时紧急开拓对策”。但这只是一个修补性的措施，移民目的旨在为关东军防御苏联进攻服务；同时最大限度利用日本“开拓民”掠夺战略物资。最终，因日本侵略战争扩大导致移民源急剧减少；加之苏军进攻，关东军溃不成军：这两方面使“满洲国策移民计划”走向解体。关东军一手策划的“移民实边政策”宣告破产。
[Abstract]:After the "September 18 incident", "Manchuria immigration policy" was put on the agenda. At the beginning of the policy formulation, the Japanese government wanted to send small scale so-called "surplus farmers" overseas in order to rebuild the Japanese countryside. As a military unit stationed in Manchuria, the Guandong Army pays more attention to the military influence that the policy can achieve. On the one hand, the Guandong Army actively "works" to promote the adoption of immigration policies based on the migration plan of the Guandong Army; on the other hand, it dominates the migration process, equips migrants with weapons and serves their military purposes. During this period, the "Manchuria armed immigrants" led by the Guandong Army had two military objectives: first, to use "Manchu armed immigrants" to cooperate with the Guandong Army in "maintaining law and order" and to suppress the anti-Japanese forces in Manchuria; and second, Make use of the "real border" of immigrants to ensure the "tranquillity of the border". The move has had a big impact. First, it weakened the Northeast people's anti-Japanese forces; second, indirectly prompted the Guandong Army to incessantly provoke small border conflicts; third, the success of "armed immigrants" created conditions for Japan's large-scale Manchuria immigrants. In order to further purge Manchuria's "public order", the people of Northeast China and the external Communist Party were cut off from the periphery, and in order to ensure that the preparations for the war against the Soviet Union were foolproof, Manchuria was used as the base of the war against the Soviet Union. Large-scale immigration, through immigration "real border" to establish a safe zone "become necessary", immigrants into the "Manchukuo policy immigration" period. To this end, Guan Dongjun presided over the "second Migration Conference", actively proposed the implementation of the Manchuria basic outline for Agricultural Migration, carefully selected settlements, and established "group tribes" of different sizes. During that period, the Guandong Army, backed by the immigrant regiment, launched an attack on the Soviet Union and the Battle of Normenham broke out. At the same time, the Guandong Army itself also later launched the "Guandong Army Special exercise", the strength into its heyday. In addition, a large number of immigrants were implanted in North China, Inner Mongolia and Manchuria "border zone", cut off the Northeast Communist Party and external Communist Party from the region, the struggle of the Northeast people's anti-Japanese coalition forces turned into a low tide, Japan's enslavement of the Northeast people further deepened. By 1941, the Pacific War had disrupted the pace of immigration, and Manchuria had entered a new phase. Relying on the opportunity of Pacific War, the Guandong Army "timely" threw out the "emergency development countermeasures in wartime". But it was only a mending measure, the aim of which was to serve the Guandong army against the Soviet offensive, and to maximize the use of Japan's "pioneering people" to plunder strategic supplies. In the end, the expansion of the Japanese war of aggression led to a sharp decrease in the source of emigration; in addition, the Soviet offensive led to the collapse of the Guandong Army: these two aspects led to the disintegration of the Manchukuo Policy Migration Plan. Guan Dongjun's "immigration policy" was declared bankrupt.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K26

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