薛福成出使生涯对其外交思想的影响

发布时间：2018-05-20 11:05

本文选题：薛福成 + 出使生涯　；参考：《苏州大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：鸦片战争掀起了近代中国的帷幕,中国在西方列强坚船利炮的驱赶下,匆匆忙忙地迈进了近代社会的门槛,中西关系、社会形态都发生了急剧变化。在这样的历史背景下,诞生了一批杰出的思想家、外交家,薛福成就是其中杰出的一位。薛福成是著名的早期维新派思想家,晚清四大使才之一。他曾任曾国藩、李鸿章幕僚达近二十年之久。后又出使英、法、意、比四国四年之久,期间处理了许多涉外事务,为中国挽回了部分权益,具有丰富的外交经历。这一切促使他形成了丰富的外交思想。薛福成大部分的外交思想,形成发展于出使海外四国期间。这是因为在海外的所见所闻、亲身经历使薛福成更能清晰地分析对比中西方的差距,认清清政府存在的种种问题,看到西方合理先进的地方；更能切身体会国际规则、国际惯例的运用。出使生涯对薛福成外交思想的影响主要体现在三个方面：首先,出使生涯与设领护侨思想的完善。薛福成在出使途中的所见所闻,更坚定其广泛设领的决心。他全面分析了设领护侨的必要性,以及设领过程中将会遇到的重重困难,并针对困难,向清政府提出了设领的策略方案,其设领思想最终形成。其次,薛福成在出使期间的种种经历,加深了其对近代国际法的认识。薛福成在交涉香港等地设领、交涉长江流域教案等事件之后,积累了丰富的外交经验,对国际公法有了全面的认识,既看到它的作用,也看到它的局限,认清了公法的本质。但在当时国力衰落的条件下,薛福成主张,只有以国际公法为依归,才能在一定程度上保护国家的利益。最后,出使生涯使薛福成倡导要建立近代外交制度。在西方四国任公使期间,薛福成经常与各国元首、各国公使、外部大臣接触,期间他逐渐认识到清政府的外交制度存在种种问题,不符合世界潮流。他主张改革使臣觐见礼仪,主张改进外交人员选派制度,为中国近代外交制度的建立作出了重大贡献。出使生涯加深了薛福成对西方世界的认识,更为他的外交思想打开了新思路,推动了其外交思想的发展成熟。
[Abstract]:The Opium War set off the curtain of modern China. Under the drive of the western powers, China hurriedly stepped into the threshold of modern society, and the relations between China and the West and the social formation all changed dramatically. In this historical background, a group of outstanding thinkers, diplomats and Xue Fu's achievements were born. Xue Fucheng was a famous early reformist thinker and one of the four ambassadors in the late Qing Dynasty. He served as a Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang aide for nearly two decades. Later, Britain, France, Italy, than the four countries for four years, during which many foreign affairs, for China to recover some of their rights and interests, with rich diplomatic experience. All this prompted him to form a rich diplomatic thought. Most of Xue Fucheng's diplomatic thoughts developed during his diplomatic missions to overseas countries. This is because what he has seen and heard overseas has enabled Xue Fucheng to more clearly analyze and contrast the gap between China and the West, to recognize the various problems existing in the Qing government, to see where the West is reasonably advanced, and to be able to experience international rules more directly. The application of international practice The influence of diplomatic career on Xue Fucheng's diplomatic thought is mainly reflected in three aspects: First of all, the career of emissary and the perfection of the thought of protecting overseas Chinese. Xue Fucheng in the way of mission to see and hear, more firm in its determination to set up a wide range of. He comprehensively analyzed the necessity of setting up the overseas Chinese and the difficulties that would be encountered in the process of setting up the overseas Chinese, and put forward the strategic plan to the Qing government, which formed the idea of setting up. Secondly, Xue Fucheng's experiences during his mission deepened his understanding of modern international law. Xue Fucheng has accumulated rich diplomatic experience and comprehensive understanding of public international law after dealing with the establishment of Hong Kong and other places, as well as the case of the Yangtze River Basin. He has not only seen its role, but also its limitations, and clearly recognized the essence of public law. However, under the condition of declining national strength at that time, Xue Fucheng argued that only by taking public international law as the basis could the interests of the country be protected to a certain extent. Finally, the diplomatic career made Xue Fucheng advocate the establishment of modern diplomatic system. During his time as Minister of the four Western countries, Xue Fucheng often contacted the heads of state, foreign ministers and foreign ministers, during which he gradually realized that there were various problems in the diplomatic system of the Qing government, which did not conform to the trend of the world. He advocated the reform of the courtiers' audience etiquette and the improvement of the diplomatic personnel selection system, which made great contributions to the establishment of China's modern diplomatic system. His diplomatic career deepened Xue Fucheng's understanding of the western world, opened new ideas of his diplomatic thought, and promoted the development and maturity of his diplomatic thought.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K252

【参考文献】