清末半日学堂研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 12:20

本文选题：半日学堂 + 清末新政　；参考：《上海社会科学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文通过分析和梳理清末新政时期推广社会教育的重要机构一一半日学堂的起源、发展及其特点,聚焦于半日学堂与普通中小学堂在初等教育领域的关联以及它在近代中国社会发展当中的地位。由此本文认为半日学堂对于中国教育现代化产生了重要作用,极大推动了普通群众的识字扫盲水平,并为建国之后的扫盲教育积累丰富的教学实践经验,同时也可以视作清末社会各阶层社会改良的一次重要尝试。现将本文各章节主要内容观点摘要如下:第一章通过对半日学堂在清末时期起源的考察,以及在中国近代教育史当中的地位,表明半日学堂的产生深深根植于近代中国的现实社会环境,清末新教育思想的传播、日本的文明开化观、德国国家公民教育思想的传播、新政教育改革当中对于初等教育的重视、学部劝学所的成立都对半日学堂这类社会业余补习学校的发展产生重要的推动作用。第二章集中探讨半日学堂在清末几年当中产生和在全国各地的发展情况,指出半日学堂填补了官办中小学堂未给普通民众识字教育的资源空间,这一新式学堂因而获得巨大的成功,短短数年时间就由直隶扩张至全国各省。并且通过具体统计数据,勾勒出清末半日学堂的发展规律和趋势,认为各省行政长官和当地官绅阶层对于新式教育的开明程度决定半日学堂在当地发展水平的高低。第三章主要分析半日学堂的办学特征。基于半日学堂招收"贫家子弟"和"年长失学者"的教学理念,教育对象上十分多样化,均保持十分宽松的入学条件;教学设施上充分利用当地简陋的公共场所,师资来源上则充分挖掘各类有志于中国教育改革的人群。学制和教材运用上也十分灵活,能够半日读书,半日营生。第四章就半日学堂与近代中国社会改良之间的关联展开探讨。认为半日学堂率先采用的拼音识字法对快速提高国民的识字率有重要的历史贡献,直到今日,此种识字方法依然被广泛采用。在近代社会移风易俗上也有突出贡献,半日学堂的宣讲、阅报活动与劝学所共同举办,宣讲员多兼任半日学堂的师资,其学员也多是积极参与者,这些举措都十分利于中国近代社会的文明开化。第五章对半日学堂与中国教育现代化的关联展开综合评述,着重探讨半日学堂兴起的原因,对初等教育的贡献以及整合地方教育资源的贡献。认为其对落后的中国不仅具有历史意义,对于今日边疆落后地区的扫盲教育依然有现实价值。
[Abstract]:This paper analyzes and combs the origin, development and characteristics of the school, which is an important institution of promoting social education in the late Qing Dynasty. Focusing on the relationship between half-day school and ordinary primary and secondary schools in the field of primary education and its status in the development of modern Chinese society. This paper holds that the half-day school has played an important role in the modernization of education in China, has greatly promoted the literacy level of the ordinary people, and accumulated rich teaching practice experience for the literacy education after the founding of the people's Republic of China. At the same time, it can also be regarded as an important attempt of social improvement in all social strata in the late Qing Dynasty. The main contents of this paper are summarized as follows: the first chapter through the investigation of the origin of the half-day school in the late Qing Dynasty, as well as the status in the modern history of education in China. It shows that the birth of the half-day school is deeply rooted in the realistic social environment of modern China, the spread of the new educational thought in the late Qing Dynasty, the civilized view of Japan, and the dissemination of the German national civic education thought. In the reform of the New deal education, the importance of primary education and the establishment of the Ministry of Education persuasion have played an important role in promoting the development of half-day schools such as social amateur tutorial schools. The second chapter focuses on the development of half-day schools in the last few years of the Qing Dynasty, and points out that the half-day schools have filled up the resource space that the government-run primary and secondary schools have not given the literacy education to the ordinary people. The new school was a great success, expanding from Zhili to provinces in a few years. Through the specific statistical data, this paper outlines the development law and trend of the half-day school in the late Qing Dynasty, and thinks that the enlightened degree of the provincial administrators and the local officials and gentry class determines the level of development of the half-day school in the local area. The third chapter analyzes the characteristics of half-day school. Based on the teaching concept of "children from poor families" and "older lost scholars" in half-day schools, the educational objects are very diverse and the conditions for admission are very relaxed. The teaching facilities make full use of the local public places of the poor. The source of teachers fully excavates all kinds of people who are interested in China's educational reform. The school system and the use of teaching materials are also very flexible, half-day reading, half-day business. The fourth chapter discusses the relationship between half-day school and modern Chinese social reform. It is considered that the Pinyin Literacy method, which was first adopted by the Half-Day School, has an important historical contribution to the rapid improvement of the literacy rate of the people. Up to now, this method is still widely used. There were also outstanding contributions to the change of customs in modern society. The propaganda and newspaper reading activities of the half-day school, together with the persuasion institute, were held jointly, and many of the preachers were teachers of the half-day school, and most of their students were active participants. These measures are very conducive to the civilization of modern Chinese society. Chapter five makes a comprehensive review of the relationship between half-day schools and the modernization of education in China, focusing on the reasons for the rise of half-day schools, their contribution to primary education and the contribution of integrating local educational resources. It is not only of historical significance to backward China, but also of practical value to the literacy education in the backward frontier areas today.
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K257.5

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