监理会在华事业研究（1848-1939）

发布时间：2018-05-21 10:12

  本文选题：美国监理会 + 本地教会　； 参考：《山东大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：美国监理会自1848年派传教士来华传教,至1939年并入卫理公会,在长达九十余年的时间里,在中国逐步建立起庞大的教会事业和具有多重功能的基督教社区,通过与当地社会复杂的互动交往,形成了兼具近代性和地方性的鲜明特点。 早期来华监理会教士之间的传教理念存在着显著的差异,其中尤以蓝柏和林乐知为代表,不过他们之间并没有因此发生激烈的冲突,而是各自践行自己的主张。蓝柏的活动为日后监理会布道事业的发展培养并储备了一大批神职人员,奠定了苏州作为传教大本营地位的基础；而林乐知从“直接布道”转向“间接布道”,“走上层路线”,为监理会在华事业勾勒出了明确的发展目标。中华年议会成立后,监理会各项事业走上统一发展的轨道,林乐知的传教方略得以逐步实施。 文教方面,《万国公报》成为晚清最具影响力的中文报刊,也成为了近代启蒙思想家的启蒙读本。东吴大学等一系列学校的开办表明监理会已建立起独立完善的教育体系。从华美书坊到华美书馆进而到协和书局,监理会文字事业也逐步走向正轨。 医疗卫生方面,监理会先后建成博习医院、湖州福音医院和常州武进医院等现代医院,同时开展医学教育、卫生防疫等工作。专业化的内在诉求使监理会医疗事业的社会服务功能充分彰显出来,进而使教会与地方社会形成密切的互动关系。 妇女事业是在美国监理会海外女差会部直接管理下发展起来的,自1878年首位女传教士来华至1939年为止,监理会的妇女事业逐步在布道、教育、医疗和社会服务等领域内开展。当地妇女在女传教士的影响下,走出家门,走向社会,由家庭妇女变为职业妇女。在中西女塾等女子学校中,妇女的性别(gender)意识和时代特质开始凸显出来。 无论从派遣传教士的人数还是从差会本部的财政拨款来看,监理会都远远算不上是一个实力超群的传教组织,但它却成就了一番大事业,在近代中国留下了深刻的印记。究其原因,近代中国社会的发展变化固然是影响监理会在华事业发展的直接因素,但江南传统社会和新上海两大地方性元素实际为监理会在华事业提供了坚实的人力和物力支撑,而“上海财源”对监理会各项事业的开办和维系尤其具有举足轻重的作用。
[Abstract]:From the time of sending missionaries to China in 1848 to the incorporation of the Methodist Church into the Methodist Church in 1939, the Superintendence of the United States gradually established in China a huge mission of the church and a multi-functional Christian community over a period of more than 90 years. Through the complicated interaction with the local society, it formed the distinctive characteristics of modern and local. There were significant differences in the missionary ideas among the early chaplains in China, especially Ramper and Lin Lechi, but they did not have a fierce conflict, but they carried out their own ideas. Rambo's activities trained and stored a large number of clerics for the future development of the Board of Governors' sermons, laying the foundation for Suzhou's status as a missionary base; and Lin Lechi switched from "direct sermons" to "indirect sermons". "take the upper line", for the supervision committee in China outlined a clear development objectives. After the establishment of the annual council of China, the board of supervisors embarked on the track of unified development, and Lin Lezhi's missionary strategy was implemented step by step. In the aspect of culture and education, Wanguo Gazette became the most influential Chinese newspaper in the late Qing Dynasty, and it also became the enlightening book of modern enlightenment thinkers. The opening of a series of schools such as Soochow University indicates that the supervisory committee has established an independent and perfect educational system. From the Huamei Book Workshop to the Huamei Library and then to the Union Book House, the supervisory committee's writing business is also gradually on track. Medical and health, supervision committee has built Bo Xi Hospital, Huzhou Evangelical Hospital and Changzhou Wujin Hospital and other modern hospitals, medical education, health and epidemic prevention and other work. The inherent demand of specialization makes the social service function of medical service of supervision committee fully manifest, and then makes the church and the local society form a close interaction relationship. The cause of women was developed under the direct management of the Department of overseas Women's missions of the American Supervision Council. From 1878 to 1939, the women's cause of the Board of Supervisors gradually developed in the fields of preaching, education, medical treatment and social service. Under the influence of female missionaries, local women went out of their homes and went to society from housewives to professional women. In girls' schools, such as Chinese and western schools, women's gender awareness and characteristics of the times begin to emerge. In terms of the number of missionaries sent or the financial allocation of the missionary headquarters, the Supervisory Council is far from being a powerful missionary organization, but it has made a great undertaking and left a deep impression in modern China. The reason is that the development and changes of modern Chinese society are certainly the direct factors affecting the development of the supervisory committee in China. However, the traditional society of Jiangnan and the two local elements of the new Shanghai actually provide a solid manpower and material support for the supervisory committee in China, and the "Shanghai financial source" plays an important role in the establishment and maintenance of the various undertakings of the supervisory committee.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K25
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本文编号：1918784