论清末视学

发布时间：2018-05-26 16:36

本文选题：清末 + 视学　；参考：《安徽史学》2017年04期

【摘要】：清末视学问题,就视学活动而言,主要包括三级视学、要员视学及海外视学等。三级视学即部视学、省视学、县视学;要员视学包括外国使臣、学务大臣、地方督抚及其他官员;海外视学集中在东南亚爪哇地区,汪凤翔是主要代表。视学章程与管理包括章程本身、视学员的选任及其它内容。视学章程,分由学部、各省制订;视学员的选任,一是差委,二是公举;章程之外,视学管理在具体实施中渐趋细化、明晰,这体现在资格、回避、考核、兼差、任期、奖叙、培训、严惩冒充等。清末视学在地方引发讼案累累,以四川为最,次乃江苏。以身份划分,包括学界、绅界、政界及不明身份者;讼案频仍的原因,一是由于民风健讼,二是视学员触动了地方利益引发不满,三是视学员自身存在问题。视学作为清末教育新政中的一大举措,短短数载,发展迅速,影响巨大,其中的经验教训,在今天看来仍有借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:The problem of inspection in late Qing Dynasty mainly includes three-level inspection, VIP inspection and overseas inspection. Three levels of inspection, namely, ministry inspection, provincial inspection, and county inspection, include foreign envoys, academic ministers, local governors and other officials; overseas inspections are concentrated in the Java region of Southeast Asia, with Wang Fengxiang as the main representative. The rules and regulations of inspection include the articles themselves, the selection of students and other contents. The rules of inspection are drawn up by the departments of study and the provinces; the selection and appointment of students is based on a poor committee and a public election; in addition to the articles of association, the management of inspection studies is gradually becoming more detailed and clear in the concrete implementation. This is reflected in qualifications, avoidance, examination, poor performance, term of office, and award and classification. Training, severely punishing impersonation, etc. In the late Qing Dynasty, inspection led to numerous cases in the local area, Sichuan as the most, the second is Jiangsu. Divided by status, including academic circles, gentry circles, political circles and unidentified persons; the reasons for the frequent cases are: first, because of the strong civil conduct, the other is that the cadets touch the local interests cause dissatisfaction, and the third is that the students themselves exist problems. Inspection, as a major measure in the New deal of Education in the late Qing Dynasty, has been developing rapidly for a few years and has a great influence on it. The experience and lessons among them still have reference significance today.
【作者单位】：河南师范大学历史文化学院;
【分类号】：K257.5

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